Department of Communication Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2023 Jul;37(6):786-795. doi: 10.1177/08901171231160666. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
Predicting COVID-19 vaccination behavior among U.S. college students using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Cross-sectional survey.
Online.
A convenience sample of students in a public university in the U.S. (N = 411).
Demographics; COVID-19 vaccination behavior as outcome variable; HBM variables (perceived threat of COVID-19, perceived individual benefit of vaccination, perceived community benefit of vaccination, perceived vaccine-safety barrier, perceived vaccination-cost barrier [time and effort], self-efficacy), and fear of COVID-19 as proximal predictors; religious beliefs and political beliefs as distal predictors. Questions/items measuring all variables in the survey data collection were taken from relevant and peer-reviewed publications and were modified to reflect the context of COVID-19.
Structural equation modeling (SEM).
The model fit the data very well (χ/df = 2.27/5 = .45, = .810; RMSEA = .000). Perceived individual benefit (β = .489, < .001), perceived vaccine-safety barrier (β = -.151, = .001), perceived vaccination-cost barrier (β = -.152, < .001), and political beliefs (β = -.094, = .029) are significant predictors of vaccination behavior. Effects of religious beliefs are completely, and effects of political beliefs are partially mediated by perceived individual benefit and the two barrier variables.
Perceived individual benefit, the two barrier variables, and political beliefs are direct predictors, while religious beliefs are an indirect predictor, of COVID-19 vaccination behavior, suggesting that the HBM can effectively inform strategies to promote vaccination. Political beliefs are a much stronger predictor than religious beliefs. Students who are more religious or conservative tend to perceive less individual benefit and greater barriers to vaccination, making them less likely to get vaccinated. A limitation of this study is the disproportionate number of female participants (77.9%).
运用健康信念模型（HBM）预测美国大学生对 COVID-19 疫苗接种行为。
横断面调查。
在线。
美国一所公立大学的便利样本学生（N=411）。
人口统计学；COVID-19 疫苗接种行为作为结果变量；HBM 变量（对 COVID-19 的感知威胁、对疫苗接种的个人获益感知、对疫苗接种的社区获益感知、对疫苗安全性障碍的感知、对疫苗接种成本障碍（时间和精力）的感知、自我效能）和对 COVID-19 的恐惧作为近端预测因素；宗教信仰和政治信仰作为远端预测因素。调查数据收集中的所有变量的问题/项目均来自相关的同行评议出版物，并进行了修改以反映 COVID-19 的背景。
结构方程模型（SEM）。
该模型非常符合数据（χ/df=2.27/5=0.45，=0.810；RMSEA=0.000）。对个人获益的感知（β=0.489，<0.001）、对疫苗安全性障碍的感知（β=-0.151，<0.001）、对疫苗接种成本障碍的感知（β=-0.152，<0.001）和政治信仰（β=-0.094，<0.029）是接种行为的显著预测因素。宗教信仰的影响是完全的，政治信仰的影响是部分通过对个人获益和两个障碍变量的感知来介导的。
对个人获益的感知、两个障碍变量和政治信仰是 COVID-19 疫苗接种行为的直接预测因素，而宗教信仰是间接预测因素，这表明 HBM 可以有效地为促进疫苗接种的策略提供信息。政治信仰是比宗教信仰更强大的预测因素。宗教信仰或保守倾向较强的学生往往对个人获益的感知较少，对疫苗接种的障碍较大，因此不太可能接种疫苗。本研究的一个局限性是女性参与者的比例不成比例（77.9%）。
