Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, 3421National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
ICF Next, ICF Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2022 Sep;36(7):1183-1192. doi: 10.1177/08901171221093036. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
The COVID-19 pandemic provides a novel context through which to evaluate salient factors for promoting behavioral change. We examined how attitudes, perceived community behaviors, and prior related behaviors predict intentions to (1) receive COVID-19 vaccination and (2) practice social distancing.
Cross-sectional online survey administered through Amazon's Mechanical Turk in September 2020.
A convenience sample of US adults (N = 1804).
COVID-19 vaccination and social distancing intentions were measured on a 7-point Likert scale. Predictor variables included general vaccination and social distancing attitudes, perceived community mask-wearing, prior influenza vaccination, prior social distancing, and socio-demographics.
Descriptive statistics and linear regressions.
Thirty percent of respondents reported a strong willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination, while 67% strongly intended to engage in social distancing. In regression analyses, vaccination intention was predicted by positive vaccine attitudes (b = .84; 95%CI: .78, .90; P < .001), prior influenza vaccination (b = -.47; 95%CI: -.63, -.32; P < .001), and perceived community mask-wearing (b = -.28; 95%CI: -.56, -.01; P=.049). Intention to practice social distancing was predicted by positive attitudes (b = .65; 95%CI: .61, .69; P < .001), prior social distancing (b = -.49; 95%CI: -.59, -.39; P < .001), and perceived community mask-wearing (b = -.28; 95%CI: -.46, -.09; P = .003).
Findings have implications for health promotion efforts. Messages that are targeted and tailored on pre-existing attitudes may be more effective. Additionally, leveraging prior behaviors and perceived community behavior may improve communication strategies.
COVID-19 大流行提供了一个新颖的背景，可从中评估促进行为改变的突出因素。我们研究了态度、感知的社区行为和先前的相关行为如何预测（1）接受 COVID-19 疫苗接种和（2）实行社交距离的意愿。
2020 年 9 月通过 Amazon 的 Mechanical Turk 进行的横断面在线调查。
美国成年人的便利样本（N = 1804）。
COVID-19 疫苗接种和社会距离的意图是在 7 点李克特量表上测量的。预测变量包括一般疫苗接种和社会距离态度、感知的社区戴口罩、以前的流感疫苗接种、以前的社会距离以及社会人口统计学。
描述性统计和线性回归。
30%的受访者表示强烈愿意接种 COVID-19 疫苗，而 67%的受访者强烈打算保持社交距离。在回归分析中，疫苗接种意向由积极的疫苗态度（b =.84；95%CI：.78，.90；P <.001）、以前的流感疫苗接种（b = -.47；95%CI：-.63，-.32；P <.001）和感知的社区戴口罩（b = -.28；95%CI：-.56，-.01；P =.049）预测。练习社会距离的意图由积极的态度（b =.65；95%CI：.61，.69；P <.001）、以前的社会距离（b = -.49；95%CI：-.59，-.39；P <.001）和感知的社区戴口罩（b = -.28；95%CI：-.46，-.09；P =.003）预测。
研究结果对健康促进工作具有启示意义。针对预先存在的态度进行有针对性和量身定制的信息可能更有效。此外，利用先前的行为和感知的社区行为可能会改善沟通策略。
