美国自来水中砷和尿无机砷的横断面关联：NHANES 2003-2014。

Cross-sectional associations between drinking water arsenic and urinary inorganic arsenic in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.

U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA.

出版信息

Environ Res. 2023 Jun 15;227:115741. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115741. Epub 2023 Mar 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115741

PMID:36963713

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10165942/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Inorganic arsenic is a potent carcinogen and toxicant associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The contribution of drinking water from private wells and regulated community water systems (CWSs) to total inorganic arsenic exposure is not clear.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the association between drinking water arsenic estimates and urinary arsenic concentrations in the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

METHODS

We evaluated 11,088 participants from the 2003-2014 NHANES cycles. For each participant, we assigned private well and CWS arsenic levels according to county of residence using estimates previously derived by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey. We used recalibrated urinary dimethylarsinate (rDMA) to reflect the internal dose of estimated water arsenic by applying a previously validated, residual-based method that removes the contribution of dietary arsenic sources. We compared the adjusted geometric mean ratios and corresponding percent change of urinary rDMA across tertiles of private well and CWS arsenic levels, with the lowest tertile as the reference. Comparisons were made overall and stratified by census region and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

Overall, the geometric mean of urinary rDMA was 2.52 (2.30, 2.77) μg/L among private well users and 2.64 (2.57, 2.72) μg/L among CWS users. Urinary rDMA was highest among participants in the West and South, and among Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic Other participants. Urinary rDMA levels were 25% (95% confidence interval (CI): 17-34%) and 20% (95% CI: 12-29%) higher comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of CWS and private well arsenic, respectively. The strongest associations between water arsenic and urinary rDMA were observed among participants in the South, West, and among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White and Black participants.

DISCUSSION

Both private wells and regulated CWSs are associated with inorganic arsenic internal dose as reflected in urine in the general U.S.

摘要

背景

无机砷是一种强效致癌物和有毒物质，与许多不良健康后果有关。饮用水来自私人水井和受监管的社区供水系统（CWS）对总无机砷暴露的贡献尚不清楚。

目的

确定 2003-2014 年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）中饮用水砷估计值与尿液砷浓度之间的关系。

方法

我们评估了 2003-2014 年 NHANES 周期的 11088 名参与者。对于每个参与者，我们根据居住县使用美国环境保护署和美国地质调查局先前得出的估计值，将私人水井和 CWS 砷水平分配给私人水井和 CWS。我们使用重新校准的二甲基砷酸（rDMA）来反映估计水中砷的内部剂量，方法是应用先前验证的、基于残留的方法，该方法去除了饮食砷源的贡献。我们比较了私人水井和 CWS 砷水平三分位组的尿液 rDMA 的调整几何均数比值和相应的百分比变化，以最低三分位组为参考。总体比较，并按普查区域和种族/族裔进行分层比较。

结果

总体而言，私人水井使用者的尿液 rDMA 几何均数为 2.52（2.30，2.77）μg/L，CWS 使用者为 2.64（2.57，2.72）μg/L。在西部和南部以及墨西哥裔美国人、其他西班牙裔和非西班牙裔其他人中，尿液 rDMA 最高。与最低三分位组相比，最高三分位组的尿液 rDMA 水平分别高出 25%（95%置信区间[CI]：17-34%）和 20%（95% CI：12-29%）。在南部、西部以及墨西哥裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人和黑人参与者中，观察到水砷与尿液 rDMA 之间最强的关联。