Kimura Leonardo T, Andrade Ewerton R, Nobre Ismael, Nobre Carlos A, de Medeiros Bruno A S, Riaño-Pachón Diego M, Shiraishi Felipe K, Carvalho Tereza C M B, Simplicio Marcos A
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Federal University of Rondonia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Mar 25;23(2):101. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01015-1.
Biodiversity is proposed as a sustainable alternative for the economic development of high-biodiversity regions. Especially in the field of biodiversity genomics, the development of low-cost DNA sequencing opens an opportunity for new actors beyond academia to engage in genomic sequencing. However, it is challenging to adequately compensate non-academic actors such as local populations for their contribution to the innovation process, preventing better bioeconomy development. Although many repositories register genomic data to support biodiversity research, they do not facilitate the fair sharing of economic benefits. In this work, we propose the creation of the Amazon Biobank, a community-based genetic database. We employed blockchain to build a transparent and verifiable log of transactions involving genomic data, and we used smart contracts to implement an internal monetary system for all participants who collect, insert, process, store, and validate genomic data. We also used peer-to-peer solutions to allow users with commodity computers to collaborate with the storage and distribution of DNA files. By combining emerging technologies, Amazon Biobank provides adequate benefit-sharing among all participants that collaborate with data, knowledge, and computational resources. It also provides traceability and auditability, allowing easy association between biotechnological research and DNA data. In addition, the solution is highly scalable and less dependent on the trust deposited in any system player. Therefore, Amazon Biobank can become an important stepping stone to unlock the potential of bioeconomy in rich ecosystems such as the Amazon Rainforest.
生物多样性被认为是高生物多样性地区经济发展的可持续替代方案。特别是在生物多样性基因组学领域，低成本DNA测序技术的发展为学术界以外的新参与者提供了参与基因组测序的机会。然而，要充分补偿当地居民等非学术参与者对创新过程的贡献具有挑战性，这阻碍了生物经济的更好发展。尽管许多数据库登记基因组数据以支持生物多样性研究，但它们并未促进经济利益的公平分享。在这项工作中，我们提议创建亚马逊生物银行，这是一个基于社区的基因数据库。我们利用区块链构建了一个涉及基因组数据的透明且可验证的交易日志，并使用智能合约为所有收集、插入、处理、存储和验证基因组数据的参与者实施内部货币系统。我们还使用对等解决方案，让使用普通计算机的用户能够参与DNA文件的存储和分发协作。通过结合新兴技术，亚马逊生物银行在所有协作数据、知识和计算资源的参与者之间实现了充分的利益共享。它还提供了可追溯性和可审计性，使生物技术研究与DNA数据之间易于关联。此外，该解决方案具有高度可扩展性，且较少依赖于对任何系统参与者的信任。因此，亚马逊生物银行可以成为释放亚马逊雨林等丰富生态系统中生物经济潜力的重要基石。
