Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden.
Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 May;10(15):e2207110. doi: 10.1002/advs.202207110. Epub 2023 Mar 25.
Monitoring insects of different species to understand the factors affecting their diversity and decline is a major challenge. Laser remote sensing and spectroscopy offer promising novel solutions to this. Coherent scattering from thin wing membranes also known as wing interference patterns (WIPs) have recently been demonstrated to be species specific. The colors of WIPs arise due to unique fringy spectra, which can be retrieved over long distances. To demonstrate this, a new concept of infrared (950-1650 nm) hyperspectral lidar with 64 spectral bands based on a supercontinuum light source using ray-tracing and 3D printing is developed. A lidar with an unprecedented number of spectral channels, high signal-to-noise ratio, and spatio-temporal resolution enabling detection of free-flying insects and their wingbeats. As proof of principle, coherent scatter from a damselfly wing at 87 m distance without averaging (4 ms recording) is retrieved. The fringed signal properties are used to determine an effective wing membrane thickness of 1412 nm with ±4 nm precision matching laboratory recordings of the same wing. Similar signals from free flying insects (2 ms recording) are later recorded. The accuracy and the method's potential are discussed to discriminate species by capturing coherent features from free-flying insects.
监测不同物种的昆虫，了解影响它们多样性和减少的因素是一个主要挑战。激光遥感和光谱学为此提供了有前景的新解决方案。薄机翼膜的相干散射，也称为机翼干涉图案（WIP），最近已被证明具有物种特异性。WIP 的颜色是由于独特的边缘光谱产生的，这些光谱可以在远距离内被检索到。为了证明这一点，开发了一种新的基于超连续光源的具有 64 个光谱带的红外（950-1650nm）高光谱激光雷达，使用光线追踪和 3D 打印。这种激光雷达具有前所未有的光谱通道数量、高信噪比和时空分辨率，能够检测自由飞行的昆虫及其翅膀的拍打。作为原理证明，在没有平均（4ms 记录）的情况下从 87 米远的蜻蜓翅膀中检索到相干散射。边缘信号特性用于确定有效机翼膜厚度为 1412nm，精度为±4nm，与同一机翼的实验室记录匹配。后来还记录了自由飞行昆虫的类似信号（2ms 记录）。讨论了该方法的准确性和潜力，以通过捕获自由飞行昆虫的相干特征来区分物种。
