Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, England.
Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No. 47 Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, 122002, Haryana, India.
BMC Oral Health. 2023 Mar 25;23(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02889-0.
The key objective of this research was to describe the prescription rate of various antibiotics for dental problems in India and to study the relevance of the prescriptions by analysing antibiotic types associated with different dental diagnoses, using a large-scale nationally representative dataset.
We used a 12-month period (May 2015 to April 2016) medical audit dataset from IQVIA (formerly IMS Health). We coded the dental diagnosis provided in the medical audit data to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) and the prescribed antibiotics for the diagnosis to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) -2020 classification of the World Health Organization. The primary outcome measure was the medicine prescription rate per 1,000 persons per year (PRPY).
Our main findings were-403 prescriptions per 1,000 persons per year in the year 2015 -2016 for all dental ailments. Across all ATC level 1 classification, 'Diseases of hard tissues' made up the majority of the prescriptions. 'Beta-lactam', 'Penicillin,' and 'Cephalosporins' were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for dental diagnoses followed by 'Macrolides' and 'Quinolones'. 'Dental caries', 'Discoloration of tooth', and 'Toothache' were the most common reasons for 'Beta-Lactams' and 'Penicillin' prescriptions.
To conclude our study reports first ever country (India) level estimates of antibiotic prescription by antibiotic classes, age groups, and ICD-11 classification for dental ailments.
本研究的主要目的是描述印度各种牙科问题的抗生素处方率，并通过分析与不同牙科诊断相关的抗生素类型来研究处方的相关性，使用的是一个大规模的全国代表性数据集。
我们使用了 IQVIA（前身为 IMS Health）提供的为期 12 个月（2015 年 5 月至 2016 年 4 月）的医疗审核数据集。我们将医疗审核数据中提供的牙科诊断编码为国际疾病分类和相关健康问题（ICD-11），并将诊断中开具的抗生素编码为世界卫生组织的解剖治疗化学（ATC）-2020 分类。主要的测量指标是每年每千人的药物处方率（PRPY）。
我们的主要发现是，在 2015 年至 2016 年期间，所有牙科疾病的处方率为每年每千人 403 次。在所有 ATC 一级分类中，“硬组织疾病”占据了大部分处方。“β-内酰胺”、“青霉素”和“头孢菌素”是牙科诊断最常开的抗生素，其次是“大环内酯类”和“喹诺酮类”。“龋齿”、“牙齿变色”和“牙痛”是“β-内酰胺”和“青霉素”处方的最常见原因。
总之，我们的研究报告了印度首次按照抗生素类别、年龄组和 ICD-11 分类对牙科疾病的抗生素处方进行了国家（印度）层面的估计。
