Meyiah Abdo, Alahdal Murad, Elkord Eyad
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman.
iScience. 2023 Mar 4;26(4):106333. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106333. eCollection 2023 Apr 21.
Macrophages (MΦs) type 2 (M2) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers (GIC) by enhancing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Polarized M2 has been linked to the increase of GIC tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Several studies reported that M2-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs (Exos-ncRNAs) play pivotal roles in the modulation of the GIC tumor microenvironment (TME) and mostly promote drug resistance and immunosuppression. The impact of M2-Exos-ncRNAs is attributed to altered signaling pathways, enhancement of immunoregulatory mechanisms, and post-transcriptional modulation. Recent studies described novel targets in M2-TAMs-derived Exos-ncRNAs and potential promising clinical outcomes such as inhibiting tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis. Highlighting current knowledge of M2-Exos-ncRNAs involved in GIC pathogenesis and immunomodulation would thus be a significant contribution to improving clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the role of M2-TAMs-Exos-ncRNAs in GIC pathogenesis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. A deep understanding of M2-TAMs-derived Exos-ncRNAs could help to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
2型巨噬细胞（MΦs）（M2）通过促进肿瘤进展、侵袭和转移，在胃肠道癌症（GIC）的发病机制中发挥关键作用。极化的M2与GIC肿瘤发生增加和耐药性有关。几项研究报告称，M2来源的外泌体非编码RNA（Exos-ncRNAs）在调节GIC肿瘤微环境（TME）中起关键作用，且大多促进耐药性和免疫抑制。M2-Exos-ncRNAs的影响归因于信号通路改变、免疫调节机制增强和转录后调节。最近的研究描述了M2-肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）来源的Exos-ncRNAs中的新靶点以及潜在的有前景的临床结果，如抑制肿瘤形成、侵袭和转移。因此，突出目前关于参与GIC发病机制和免疫调节的M2-Exos-ncRNAs的知识，将对改善临床结果做出重大贡献。在本综述中，我们总结了M2-TAMs-Exos-ncRNAs在GIC发病机制、免疫抑制和耐药性方面作用的最新进展。深入了解M2-TAMs来源的Exos-ncRNAs有助于识别潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。
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