Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 10;11:1115789. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115789. eCollection 2023.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on the daily lives of adolescents. This study examined whether mental health outcomes had changed over the pandemic, and if such changes were related to changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep, screen time, and participation in organized sports.
In this longitudinal study, data were collected in autumn 2019 with follow-up measurements in spring 2021. In total, 558 schools were invited and 34 schools around Stockholm with a variation in socioeconomic background were included. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured for seven consecutive days by accelerometry (Actigraph). Anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosomatic health, stress, sleep duration, screen time, and organized sports participation were self-reported in questionnaires. Linear models were applied to estimate associations between changes in mental health outcomes and exposures.
From the baseline sample of 1,139 participants, 585 (55% girls), mean (SD) age 14.9 (0.3) years, participated in the follow-up. Between 2019 and 2021, there was a decrease in HRQoL [mean difference -1.7 (-2.3, -1.2), < 0.001], increase in psychosomatic health problems [mean difference 1.8 (1.3, 2.3), < 0.001], and an increase in the number of participants with high stress [from 94 (28%) to 139 (42%), < 0.001]. Weekly light PA and sleep duration decreased and weekly sedentary time and screen time increased unrelated to changes in mental health outcomes. An increase in sleep duration during weekdays was significantly related to both a decrease in anxiety ( = -0.71, CI: -1.36, -0.06) and an increase in HRQoL ( = 1.00, CI: 0.51, 1.49).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health appears to have been impaired in Swedish adolescents, but unrelated to changes in PA, sedentary time, screen time, or participation in organized sports. However, increased sleep duration on weekdays was related to less anxiety and better HRQoL. The results may help policy makers and other stakeholders comprehend the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes and help guiding the planning of policy actions.
ISRCTN15689873.
COVID-19 大流行对青少年的日常生活产生了重大影响。本研究旨在探讨心理健康结果是否在大流行期间发生了变化，以及这些变化是否与身体活动（PA）、久坐时间、睡眠、屏幕时间和参加有组织的运动有关。
本纵向研究于 2019 年秋季收集数据，并于 2021 年春季进行随访测量。共邀请了 558 所学校，选择了斯德哥尔摩周围具有不同社会经济背景的 34 所学校参与。通过加速度计（Actigraph）连续 7 天测量 PA 和久坐时间。焦虑、健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）、身心健康、压力、睡眠时间、屏幕时间和有组织的运动参与情况通过问卷进行自我报告。线性模型用于估计心理健康结果变化与暴露因素之间的关联。
在基线样本中，共有 1139 名参与者（55%为女孩），平均（SD）年龄为 14.9（0.3）岁，参加了随访。2019 年至 2021 年间，HRQoL 下降[平均差异-1.7（-2.3，-1.2），<0.001]，身心健康问题增加[平均差异 1.8（1.3，2.3），<0.001]，高压力参与者人数增加[从 94（28%）增加到 139（42%），<0.001]。每周轻度 PA 和睡眠时间减少，每周久坐时间和屏幕时间增加，与心理健康结果的变化无关。工作日睡眠时间增加与焦虑减少（=-0.71，CI：-1.36，-0.06）和 HRQoL 增加（=1.00，CI：0.51，1.49）显著相关。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，瑞典青少年的心理健康似乎受到了损害，但与 PA、久坐时间、屏幕时间或参加有组织的运动的变化无关。然而，工作日睡眠时间增加与焦虑程度降低和 HRQoL 提高有关。研究结果有助于政策制定者和其他利益相关者了解 COVID-19 大流行对心理健康结果的不同影响，并有助于指导政策行动的规划。
ISRCTN85256216。
