Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2023 May-Jun;37(3):844-855. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16691. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Echocardiographic reference intervals have not been reported for North American whippets, or for whippets that have undergone pet-level athletic training.
To develop normal echocardiographic reference intervals for North American whippets and investigate differences in echocardiographic parameters based on athletic conditioning in pet whippets engaged in competitive sports.
One-hundred healthy North American whippets.
Dogs were examined at national shows between 2005 and 2009. Echocardiographic reference intervals were constructed and the effect of athletic conditioning on parameters of structure and function was assessed.
Two dimensional, M-mode, Doppler and tissue Doppler reference ranges for healthy North American whippets are presented. Measures of left ventricular (LV) chamber diameter were larger in conditioned whippets (N = 25) and remained significantly larger than in unconditioned whippets (N = 16) when normalized for weight using allometric equations. Calculated LV mass was higher in conditioned dogs than in unconditioned dogs, and this difference persisted when LV mass was normalized by weight. Mitral E velocity was higher in conditioned dogs than in unconditioned dogs, whereas E/A and measures related to systolic function were not different.
Pet whippets in peak athletic condition have larger hearts than do less conditioned whippets, but measures of systolic function are similar. Whippet pet athletes may show eccentric LV hypertrophy at peak condition. Normal values for cardiac size and function in North American whippets might be considered abnormal if population-specific whippet reference intervals are not used in analysis.
尚未报道过北美的惠比特犬或接受过宠物级运动训练的惠比特犬的超声心动图参考区间。
为北美惠比特犬制定正常的超声心动图参考区间，并研究在参与竞技运动的宠物惠比特犬中，根据运动状态对超声心动图参数的差异。
100 只健康的北美惠比特犬。
2005 年至 2009 年期间，在全国性展览中对犬进行了检查。构建了超声心动图参考区间，并评估了运动状态对结构和功能参数的影响。
呈现了健康的北美惠比特犬的二维、M 型、多普勒和组织多普勒参考范围。在条件较好的惠比特犬（N=25）中，左心室（LV）腔直径的测量值较大，并且当使用体表面积方程对重量进行归一化时，这些测量值仍明显大于未经训练的惠比特犬（N=16）。计算的 LV 质量在条件较好的犬中高于未经训练的犬，并且当 LV 质量通过体重进行归一化时，这种差异仍然存在。条件较好的犬的二尖瓣 E 速度高于未经训练的犬，而 E/A 和与收缩功能相关的测量值则没有差异。
处于最佳运动状态的宠物惠比特犬的心脏比运动状态较差的惠比特犬大，但收缩功能的测量值相似。在最佳状态下，惠比特犬宠物运动员可能会出现偏心性 LV 肥厚。如果在分析中不使用特定于种群的惠比特犬参考区间，则北美惠比特犬的心脏大小和功能的正常值可能被认为是异常的。
