Luigi Vanvitelli, University of Naples Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 121, 80121, Naples, Italy.
Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio, Salern, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;999:21-41. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_2.
During last decades, most studies have examined the exercise-induced remodeling defined as "athlete's heart". During exercise, there is an increased cardiac output that causes morphological, functional, and electrical modification of the cardiac chambers. The cardiac remodeling depends also on the type of training, age, sex, ethnicity, genetic factors, and body size. The two main categories of exercise, endurance and strength, determine different effects on the cardiac remodeling. Even if most sport comprise both strength and endurance exercise, determining different scenarios of cardiac adaptation to the exercise. The aim of this paper is to assemble the current knowledge about physiologic and pathophysiologic response of both the left and the right heart in highly trained athletes.
在过去的几十年中，大多数研究都集中在运动引起的重塑上，这种重塑被定义为“运动员心脏”。在运动过程中，心输出量增加，导致心脏腔室的形态、功能和电变化。心脏重塑还取决于训练类型、年龄、性别、种族、遗传因素和体型。两种主要的运动类型，耐力和力量，对心脏重塑有不同的影响。即使大多数运动都包括力量和耐力训练，也会导致心脏对运动的适应出现不同的情况。本文的目的是总结目前关于高度训练运动员的左右心在生理和病理反应方面的知识。
