Department of Ecology, Aquaculture, and Agriculture, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 25;15(3):177. doi: 10.3390/toxins15030177.
Two of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B (AFB), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as and showed the ability to inhibit AFB or OTA biosynthesis. Therefore, in our study, a wide screening of 42 isolates of different ligninolytic mushrooms was assayed for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of OTA in and AFB in , in order to find a metabolite that can simultaneously inhibit both mycotoxins. The results showed that four isolates produce metabolites able to inhibit the synthesis of OTA, and 11 isolates produced metabolites that inhibited AFB by >50%. Two strains, the strain TV117 and the strain S.C. Ailanto, produced metabolites able to significantly inhibit (>90%) the synthesis of both mycotoxins. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism of efficacy of the rough and semipurified polysaccharides could be analogous to that found previously for Tramesan, by enhancing the antioxidant response in the target fungal cells. The overall results indicate that polysaccharide(s) could be a potential agent(s) in biological control and/or a useful component of the integrated strategies able to control mycotoxin synthesis.
两种最重要的农业经济意义上的霉菌毒素是黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）。据报道，一些木质腐朽蘑菇的提取物，如 和 ，表现出抑制 AFB 或 OTA 生物合成的能力。因此，在我们的研究中，对 42 种不同木质素分解真菌进行了广泛筛选，以检测它们抑制 和 的合成的能力，以寻找一种能够同时抑制两种霉菌毒素的代谢物。结果表明，有 4 个分离物产生的代谢物能够抑制 OTA 的合成，有 11 个分离物产生的代谢物能够抑制 AFB 超过 50%。两种菌株，TV117 菌株和 S.C. Ailanto 菌株，产生的代谢物能够显著抑制（>90%）两种霉菌毒素的合成。初步结果表明， 的粗多糖和半纯化多糖的功效机制可能与以前发现的 Tramesan 类似，通过增强目标真菌细胞中的抗氧化反应。总体结果表明，多糖可能是生物防治的潜在剂之一，也是能够控制霉菌毒素合成的综合策略的有用组成部分。
