El Khoury André, Rizk Toufic, Lteif Roger, Azouri Hayat, Delia Marie-Line, Lebrihi Ahmed
Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Nov 15;54(23):8977-82. doi: 10.1021/jf062085e.
This paper reports the results of an extensive survey on the occurrence of filamentous fungi isolated from wine-grapes in Lebanon and to test their ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on CYA culture medium, in order to assess their potential for producing these mycotoxins on grapes. From the 470 grapes samples taken during season 2004, 550 fungi strains were isolated with 490 belonging to Aspergillus spp. and 60 belonging to Penicillium spp. All these isolated fungi starins were tested for their ability to produce OTA and AFB1. Aspergillus carbonarius shows that it is the only species able to produce OTA with a production percentage reaching 100% and a maximum concentration of 52.8 microg/g of Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA). In its turn, Aspergillus flavus was considered as the only AFB1-producing species with production percentage of 45.3% and a maximum concentration reaching 40 microg/g CYA. A total of 47 handmade musts produced from the collected grapes were also analyzed in order to correlate the presence of OTA in must and the occurrence of filamentous fungi on grapes; 57.4% were contaminated with OTA at low level with concentrations ranging between 0.011 and 0.221 microg OTA L(-1). The analysis of these must samples was not performed with regard to AFB1. Seventy samples of finish red wine were also assayed for OTA content. The results showed that 42 of the tested samples (60%) were found to be positive for OTA with low levels (0.012-0.126 microg OTA L(-1)).
本文报告了一项广泛调查的结果，该调查针对黎巴嫩酿酒葡萄中丝状真菌的存在情况展开，并测试它们在查氏酵母提取物琼脂（CYA）培养基上产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的能力，以评估它们在葡萄上产生这些霉菌毒素的可能性。在2004年季节采集的470个葡萄样本中，分离出550株真菌菌株，其中490株属于曲霉属，60株属于青霉属。所有这些分离出的真菌菌株都被测试了产生OTA和AFB1的能力。黑曲霉显示它是唯一能够产生OTA的物种，产生率达到100%，在查氏酵母提取物琼脂（CYA）上的最大浓度为52.8微克/克。反过来，黄曲霉被认为是唯一产生AFB1的物种，产生率为45.3%，在CYA上的最大浓度达到40微克/克。还对由采集的葡萄制成的47个手工压榨汁进行了分析，以便将压榨汁中OTA的存在与葡萄上丝状真菌的出现相关联；57.4%受到低水平OTA污染，浓度范围在0.011至0.221微克OTA/升之间。未对这些压榨汁样本进行关于AFB1的分析。还对70个干红葡萄酒样本的OTA含量进行了测定。结果表明，42个测试样本（60%）被发现OTA呈阳性，但含量较低（0.012 - 0.126微克OTA/升）。
