Di Vincenzo Serena, Ferraro Maria, Taverna Simona, Malizia Velia, Buscetta Marco, Cipollina Chiara, Lazzara Valentina, Pinto Paola, Bassano Marco, La Grutta Stefania, Pace Elisabetta
Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Rimed Foundation, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;12(3):571. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030571.
Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process through which macrophages acquire specific features whose extremes are represented by M1 and M2 polarization. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-8 belong to M1 macrophages while transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β belongs to M2 cytokines. M2 polarization prevalence is observed in allergic diseases. Tyndallization is a thermal process able to inactivate microorganisms and to allow their use for chronic respiratory disease treatment via immune response modulation. The present study explores the effects of a blend of tyndallized bacteria (TB) on macrophage polarization. THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of TB (10, 5 × 10, 10, 5 × 10, 10 CFU/mL) and then cell viability and TB phagocytosis, and IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TGF-β1 gene expression and release were assessed. TB were tolerated, phagocyted and able to increase IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression and release IL-12 gene expression, as well as decrease TGF-β1 gene expression and release. The effects on IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β1 release were confirmed in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) exposed to TB. In conclusion, TB promote M1 polarization, and this mechanism might have valuable potential in controlling allergic diseases and infections, possibly preventing disease exacerbations.
巨噬细胞极化是一个动态过程，通过该过程巨噬细胞获得特定特征，其极端情况由M1和M2极化代表。白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、IL-12和IL-8属于M1巨噬细胞，而转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）属于M2细胞因子。在过敏性疾病中观察到M2极化占优势。间歇灭菌法是一种热过程，能够使微生物失活，并通过调节免疫反应将其用于慢性呼吸道疾病的治疗。本研究探讨了经间歇灭菌处理的细菌（TB）混合物对巨噬细胞极化的影响。将THP-1来源的巨噬细胞暴露于不同浓度的TB（10、5×10、10、5×10、10 CFU/mL），然后评估细胞活力、TB吞噬作用以及IL-8、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12和TGF-β1基因表达及释放情况。TB具有耐受性，可被吞噬，并能够增加IL-8、IL-1β和IL-6基因表达并释放IL-12基因表达，同时降低TGF-β1基因表达及释放。在暴露于TB的人单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞（hMDMs）中证实了对IL-8、IL-6和TGF-β1释放的影响。总之，TB促进M1极化，这种机制在控制过敏性疾病和感染、可能预防疾病加重方面可能具有重要潜力。
