Anchesi Smeralda Diandra, Corallo Francesco, Di Cara Marcella, Quartarone Angelo, Catalioto Rino, Cucinotta Francesca, Cardile Davide
IRCCS-Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2023 Feb 23;10(3):438. doi: 10.3390/children10030438.
The change in family structure as a consequence of divorce can be a traumatic event for a child that can undermine his or her emotional security. For this reason, it becomes a major health concern. Many divorce-related risk factors have been identified, including attention deficits or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. The aim of this review is to evaluate if and how a diagnosis of ASD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is associated with an increase in divorce within families.
Searches were performed in two databases evaluating studies focusing on articles pertaining to the topic. A total of 20 articles were found, but only 8 were included in the study according to the criteria.
The results showed that divorce does not appear to be specifically related to a diagnosed pathology of the child, but rather presents itself as a risk factor in certain situations. In particular, this occurs when the coping strategies required to deal with the diagnosis are dysfunctional. However, it would appear that families in which there are children with ADHD have a greater chance of divorce than families in which there is a child with a diagnosis of ASD. It may be hypothesised that in the latter case, parents receiving a diagnosis early in the child's life have more time to develop adaptive strategies to cope with the condition than parents with children with ADHD who mostly find themselves having to deal with their child's behavioural problems at a school age. Moreover, ASD is a disorder more likely genetic than environment-related, so parents receive more socio-medical support, and they are less likely to blame themselves or be blamed by others.
离婚导致的家庭结构变化对孩子来说可能是一个创伤性事件，会破坏其情感安全感。因此，这成为一个主要的健康问题。已经确定了许多与离婚相关的风险因素，包括儿童的注意力缺陷或自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。本综述的目的是评估儿童ASD或注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的诊断是否以及如何与家庭离婚率的增加相关。
在两个数据库中进行检索，评估关注该主题相关文章的研究。共找到20篇文章，但根据标准，只有8篇被纳入研究。
结果表明，离婚似乎并非与儿童确诊的病症有特定关联，而是在某些情况下表现为一个风险因素。特别是当应对诊断所需的应对策略功能失调时会出现这种情况。然而，似乎有ADHD儿童的家庭比有ASD诊断儿童的家庭离婚几率更大。可以推测，在后一种情况下，孩子在幼年时就被诊断的父母比孩子患有ADHD的父母有更多时间来制定适应性策略以应对这种情况，因为后者大多在孩子上学年龄时才不得不应对其行为问题。此外，ASD是一种更可能与遗传而非环境相关的疾病，所以父母会得到更多社会医疗支持，而且他们不太可能自责或被他人指责。
