Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Avd/ Menéndez Pelayo, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Nursing Department of the School of Health Sciences, Human Services and Nursing, Lehman College, CUNY, 250 Bedford Park West, New York, NY 10468, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 9;20(6):4798. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20064798.
Communication in nursing is essential to the quality of care and patients' satisfaction, and personal variables such as empathy and emotional intelligence (EI) can improve it; however, no studies have to date analyzed these competencies and their relations among nursing students compared with nurses. The aims of this study are, therefore, to analyze the differences between nursing students and nurses in the means for empathy, EI and attitudes towards communication in order to assess the impact of empathy and EI on nurses' and nursing students' attitudes towards communication, and their influence on the behavioral dimension of attitude. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a convenience sample of 961 nursing students and 460 nurses from the Valencian Community, Spain. T-test and hierarchical regression models (HRM) were used. The data was collected in the selected universities in the 2018/2019 academic year. The results showed high levels in all the variables analyzed (i.e., empathy, EI, and attitudes towards communication) in both samples. The HRM results suggested that empathy was a better predictor than EI of the attitudes towards patient communication among both the nursing students and nurses. In the behavioral dimension of the attitude, the cognitive and affective dimensions had greater weight than the emotional component (i.e., empathy and EI). Developing empathy and the cognitive dimension of the attitude in nursing students and nurses could, therefore, help improve EI and attitudes towards communication. These findings are important for developing intervention programs adjusted to real needs.
护理沟通对于护理质量和患者满意度至关重要，而同理心和情绪智力（EI）等个人变量可以改善沟通；然而，迄今为止，尚无研究分析过这些能力以及它们在护理学生与护士之间的关系。因此，本研究的目的是分析护理学生和护士在同理心、EI 和沟通态度方面的差异，以评估同理心和 EI 对护士和护理学生沟通态度的影响，以及它们对态度的行为维度的影响。本研究采用便利抽样法，对来自西班牙巴伦西亚社区的 961 名护理学生和 460 名护士进行了横断面描述性研究。采用 T 检验和层次回归模型（HRM）。数据收集于选定大学的 2018/2019 学年。结果表明，两个样本中所有分析变量（即同理心、EI 和沟通态度）的水平都很高。HRM 结果表明，在护理学生和护士中，同理心比 EI 更能预测对患者沟通的态度。在态度的行为维度中，认知和情感维度比情感成分（即同理心和 EI）更重要。因此，在护理学生和护士中培养同理心和态度的认知维度，可以帮助提高 EI 和沟通态度。这些发现对于制定针对实际需求的干预计划非常重要。
