ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Mar 17;59(3):599. doi: 10.3390/medicina59030599.
Motivation is a crucial factor in predicting health-related outcomes, and understanding the determinants of motivation can provide valuable insights into how to improve health behaviors and outcomes in older adults. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between intrinsic and extrinsic exercise motivation, basic psychological needs, satisfaction with life, and physical activity among the elderly population. : The sample consisted of 268 older adults (59 male, 209 female) aged 65-90 years old (Mage = 68.11, SD = 6.95). All participants reported that they were exercising, on average, 1.65 days (SD = 0.51) per week. Factor analysis was conducted using a two-step approach. First, a confirmatory factor analysis and then a structural equation model considering all variables under analysis was performed. : the structural model displayed acceptable fit to the data: χ2/df = 3.093; CFI = 0.913; TLI = 0.908; SRMR = 0.071; RMSEA 0.079 [0.066, 0.092]. Significant direct effects were found as theoretically proposed, namely: (a) intrinsic motivation were positively and significantly associated with basic psychological need satisfaction ( < 0.001); (b) extrinsic motivation were negatively but not significantly associated with basic psychological needs ( < 0.001); and (c) basic psychological need satisfaction were positively and significantly associated with satisfaction with life ( < 0.001) and physical activity ( < 0.001). : Intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs play a crucial role in shaping exercise behavior and overall well-being. By understanding these motivation and needs, exercise and health professionals can work towards fulfilling them and achieving a greater sense of satisfaction in the life of the elderly and promote exercise adherence.
动机是预测与健康相关结果的关键因素，了解动机的决定因素可以为如何改善老年人的健康行为和结果提供有价值的见解。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查内在和外在运动动机、基本心理需求、生活满意度和老年人身体活动之间的关联。
样本由 268 名年龄在 65-90 岁的老年人（59 名男性，209 名女性）组成（Mage = 68.11，SD = 6.95）。所有参与者报告说，他们平均每周锻炼 1.65 天（SD = 0.51）。使用两步法进行因子分析。首先，进行验证性因子分析，然后考虑所有分析变量的结构方程模型。
χ2/df = 3.093；CFI = 0.913；TLI = 0.908；SRMR = 0.071；RMSEA 0.079 [0.066，0.092]。正如理论所提出的，发现了显著的直接影响，即：（a）内在动机与基本心理需求满意度呈正相关且显著（<0.001）；（b）外在动机与基本心理需求呈负相关但不显著（<0.001）；（c）基本心理需求满意度与生活满意度（<0.001）和身体活动（<0.001）呈正相关且显著。
内在动机和基本心理需求在塑造运动行为和整体幸福感方面起着关键作用。通过了解这些动机和需求，运动和健康专业人员可以努力满足这些需求，提高老年人的生活满意度，并促进他们对锻炼的坚持。
