Neels Jaap G, Leftheriotis Georges, Chinetti Giulia
Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06200 Nice, France.
Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, 06000 Nice, France.
Metabolites. 2023 Mar 21;13(3):457. doi: 10.3390/metabo13030457.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the vessel wall, leading to the formation of an atheroma and eventually to the development of vascular calcification (VC). Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis and VC. Both low- and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) stimulate, while high-density lipoproteins (HDL) reduce VC. Apolipoproteins, the protein component of lipoproteins, influence the development of VC in multiple ways. Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the main protein component of HDL, has anti-calcific properties, while apoB and apoCIII, the main protein components of LDL and VLDL, respectively, promote VC. The role of lipoproteins in VC is also related to their metabolism and modifications. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) are more pro-calcific than native LDL. Oxidation also converts HDL from anti- to pro-calcific. Additionally, enzymes such as autotaxin (ATX) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), involved in lipoprotein metabolism, have a stimulatory role in VC. In summary, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which lipoproteins and apolipoproteins contribute to VC will be crucial in the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for VC and its associated cardiovascular disease.
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是脂质在血管壁中积聚，导致动脉粥样硬化斑块形成，并最终发展为血管钙化（VC）。脂蛋白在动脉粥样硬化和VC的发展中起核心作用。低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）和脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]均会促进VC，而高密度脂蛋白（HDL）则会减少VC。载脂蛋白作为脂蛋白的蛋白质成分，以多种方式影响VC的发展。HDL的主要蛋白质成分载脂蛋白AI（apoAI）具有抗钙化特性，而LDL和VLDL的主要蛋白质成分apoB和apoCIII则分别促进VC。脂蛋白在VC中的作用还与其代谢和修饰有关。氧化型LDL（OxLDL）比天然LDL更具促钙化作用。氧化还会使HDL从抗钙化转变为促钙化。此外，参与脂蛋白代谢的自分泌运动因子（ATX）和前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin 9型（PCSK9）等酶在VC中具有促进作用。总之，更好地理解脂蛋白和载脂蛋白促成VC的机制对于制定有效的VC及其相关心血管疾病的预防和治疗策略至关重要。
