Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 11;15(6):1370. doi: 10.3390/nu15061370.
High-caloric diets induce several deleterious alterations in the human body, including the brain. However, information on the effects of these diets on the elderly brain is scarce. Therefore, we studied the effects of 2 months of treatment with high-fat (HF) and high-fat-high-sugar (HFHS) diets on aged male Wistar rats at 18 months. Anxiety levels were analyzed using the open-field and plus-maze tests, while learning and memory processes were analyzed using the Morris water maze test. We also analyzed neurogenesis using doublecortin (DCX) and neuroinflammation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In aged rats, the HFHS diet impaired spatial learning, memory, and working memory and increased anxiety levels, associated with a reduction in the number of DCX cells and an increase in GFAP cells in the hippocampus. In contrast, the effects of the HF diet were lighter, impairing spatial memory and working memory, and associated with a reduction in DCX cells in the hippocampus. Thus, our results suggest that aged rats are highly susceptible to high-caloric diets, even if they only started in the elderly, with an impact on cognition and emotions. Furthermore, diets rich in saturated fats and sugar are more detrimental to aged rats than high-fat diets are.
高热量饮食会导致人体（包括大脑）发生多种有害变化。然而，关于这些饮食对老年人大脑影响的信息却很匮乏。因此，我们研究了高脂（HF）和高脂肪高糖（HFHS）饮食对 18 个月大的雄性 Wistar 大鼠 2 个月的治疗作用。通过旷场和加迷宫测试分析焦虑水平，通过 Morris 水迷宫测试分析学习和记忆过程。我们还使用双皮质蛋白（DCX）分析神经发生，使用神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）分析神经炎症。在老年大鼠中，HFHS 饮食损害了空间学习、记忆和工作记忆，增加了焦虑水平，这与海马体中 DCX 细胞数量减少和 GFAP 细胞数量增加有关。相比之下，HF 饮食的影响较轻，损害了空间记忆和工作记忆，并与海马体中的 DCX 细胞减少有关。因此，我们的结果表明，即使老年大鼠只是在老年开始摄入高热量饮食，它们也非常容易受到高热量饮食的影响，这会对认知和情绪产生影响。此外，富含饱和脂肪和糖的饮食对老年大鼠的危害比高脂肪饮食更大。
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