Scaramellini Natalia, Fischer Dania, Agarvas Anand R, Motta Irene, Muckenthaler Martina U, Mertens Christina
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy.
Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 21;16(3):329. doi: 10.3390/ph16030329.
Mammalian cells require iron to satisfy their metabolic needs and to accomplish specialized functions, such as hematopoiesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, or oxygen transport. Iron homeostasis is balanced by the interplay of proteins responsible for iron import, storage, and export. A misbalance of iron homeostasis may cause either iron deficiencies or iron overload diseases. The clinical work-up of iron dysregulation is highly important, as severe symptoms and pathologies may arise. Treating iron overload or iron deficiency is important to avoid cellular damage and severe symptoms and improve patient outcomes. The impressive progress made in the past years in understanding mechanisms that maintain iron homeostasis has already changed clinical practice for treating iron-related diseases and is expected to improve patient management even further in the future.
哺乳动物细胞需要铁来满足其代谢需求并完成特定功能，如造血、线粒体生物发生、能量代谢或氧气运输。铁稳态通过负责铁的摄取、储存和输出的蛋白质之间的相互作用来维持平衡。铁稳态失衡可能导致缺铁或铁过载疾病。铁调节异常的临床检查非常重要，因为可能会出现严重症状和病理情况。治疗铁过载或缺铁对于避免细胞损伤和严重症状以及改善患者预后至关重要。过去几年在理解维持铁稳态机制方面取得的显著进展已经改变了治疗铁相关疾病的临床实践，并且预计未来还会进一步改善患者管理。
