Binsuwaidan Reem, Negm Walaa A, Elekhnawy Engy, Attallah Nashwah G M, Ahmed Eman, Magdeldin Sameh, Moglad Ehssan, Mostafa Sally Abdallah, El-Sherbeni Suzy A
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Mar 6;16(3):398. doi: 10.3390/ph16030398.
Neuroinflammation is a serious immunomodulatory complex disorder that causes neurological and somatic ailments. The treatment of brain inflammation with new drugs derived from natural sources is a significant therapeutic goal. Utilizing LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the active constituents of extract (SPE) were identified tentatively as exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in natural medicine. Herein, we determined the antiviral potential of SPE against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) using the plaque assay. HSV-2 is a neurotropic virus that can cause neurological diseases. SPE exhibited promising antiviral potential with a half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC) of 185.960 ± 0.1 µg/mL and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 8.946 ± 0.02 µg/mL. The in vivo study of the SPE impact against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation was performed using 42 mice divided into seven groups. All groups were administered LPS (0.25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, except for the normal and SPE groups 1 and 2. Groups 5, 6, and 7 received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg SPE. It was revealed that SPE inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the brain. It increased superoxide dismutase and catalase while decreasing malondialdehyde, which explains its antioxidative stress activity. SPE downregulated the gene expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as the apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and c-Jun). In addition, it decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Mice administered SPE (300 mg/kg) with LPS exhibited normal neurons in the cerebral cortices, hippocampus pyramidal layer, and cerebellum, as determined by the histopathological analysis. Therefore, using to prevent and treat neurodegeneration could be a promising new therapeutic strategy to be explored.
神经炎症是一种严重的免疫调节复杂疾病，可导致神经和躯体疾病。用天然来源的新药治疗脑部炎症是一个重要的治疗目标。利用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（LC-ESI-MS/MS）分析，初步确定提取物（SPE）的活性成分在天然药物中具有抗氧化和抗炎作用。在此，我们使用噬斑测定法确定了SPE对2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-2）的抗病毒潜力。HSV-2是一种嗜神经病毒，可引起神经疾病。SPE表现出有前景的抗病毒潜力，其半数最大细胞毒性浓度（CC）为185.960±0.1μg/mL，半数最大抑制浓度（IC）为8.946±0.02μg/mL。使用42只小鼠分为七组进行了SPE对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的神经炎症影响的体内研究。除正常组和SPE组1和2外，所有组均腹腔注射LPS（0.25mg/kg）。第5、6和7组分别接受100、200和300mg/kg的SPE。结果显示，SPE抑制了大脑中的乙酰胆碱酯酶。它增加了超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶，同时降低了丙二醛，这解释了其抗氧化应激活性。SPE下调了诱导型一氧化氮合酶以及凋亡标志物（半胱天冬酶-3和c-Jun）的基因表达。此外，它降低了促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α）的表达。组织病理学分析表明，用LPS给药的同时给予SPE（300mg/kg）的小鼠在大脑皮层、海马锥体层和小脑中神经元正常。因此，使用[此处原文可能有误，推测应为SPE]预防和治疗神经退行性变可能是一种有待探索的有前景的新治疗策略。
