Ramos-Garza Juan, Aguirre-Noyola José Luis, Bustamante-Brito Rafael, Zelaya-Molina Lily X, Maldonado-Hernández Jessica, Morales-Estrada Aurea Itzel, Resendiz-Venado Zoe, Palacios-Olvera Jacqueline, Angeles-Gallegos Thania, Terreros-Moysen Paola, Cortés-Carvajal Manuel, Martínez-Romero Esperanza
Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 15;12(6):1328. doi: 10.3390/plants12061328.
Compared to agrochemicals, bioinoculants based on plant microbiomes are a sustainable option for increasing crop yields and soil fertility. From the Mexican maize landrace "Raza cónico" (red and blue varieties), we identified yeasts and evaluated in vitro their ability to promote plant growth. Auxin production was detected from yeast isolates and confirmed using plants. Inoculation tests were performed on maize, and morphological parameters were measured. Eighty-seven yeast strains were obtained (50 from blue corn and 37 from red corn). These were associated with three families of Ascomycota (, , and ) and five families of Basidiomycota (, , and ), and, in turn, distributed in 10 genera (, , , , , , , and ). We identified strains that solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores, proteases, pectinases, and cellulases but did not produce amylases. sp. RY31, Y11, Y23, and sp. Y52 produced auxins from L-Trp (11.9-52 µg/mL) and root exudates (1.3-22.5 µg/mL). Furthermore, they stimulated the root development of . Inoculation of auxin-producing yeasts caused a 1.5-fold increase in maize plant height, fresh weight, and root length compared to uninoculated controls. Overall, maize landraces harbor plant growth-promoting yeasts and have the potential for use as agricultural biofertilizers.
与农用化学品相比，基于植物微生物群的生物接种剂是提高作物产量和土壤肥力的可持续选择。我们从墨西哥玉米地方品种“Raza cónico”（红色和蓝色品种）中鉴定出酵母菌，并在体外评估了它们促进植物生长的能力。从酵母分离物中检测到生长素的产生，并通过植物进行了确认。对玉米进行了接种试验，并测量了形态参数。共获得87株酵母菌株（50株来自蓝玉米，37株来自红玉米）。它们与子囊菌门的三个科（、和）和担子菌门的五个科（、、和）相关，进而分布在10个属（、、、、、、、和）中。我们鉴定出了能溶解磷酸盐并产生铁载体、蛋白酶、果胶酶和纤维素酶但不产生淀粉酶的菌株。sp. RY31、Y11、Y23和sp. Y52从L-色氨酸（11.9 - 52 µg/mL）和根系分泌物（1.3 - 22.5 µg/mL）中产生生长素。此外，它们刺激了的根系发育。与未接种的对照相比，接种产生生长素的酵母使玉米植株高度、鲜重和根长增加了1.5倍。总体而言，玉米地方品种含有促进植物生长的酵母，具有用作农业生物肥料的潜力。
