College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Apr 12;71(14):5419-5437. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09094. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive muscle disorder characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, which are important causes of physiological dysfunctions in the elderly. At present, the main alleviating method includes protein supplements to stimulate synthesis of muscle proteins. Food protein-derived peptides containing abundant branched-chain amino acids have a remarkable effect on the improvement of sarcopenia. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism and clarifying the structure-activity relationship is essential for the mitigation of sarcopenia. This present review recaps the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia, which facilitates a comprehensive understanding of sarcopenia. Moreover, the latest research progress on food-derived antisarcopenic peptides is reviewed, including their antisarcopenic activity, molecular mechanism as well as structural characteristics. Food-derived bioactive peptides can indeed alleviate/mitigate sarcopenia. These antisarcopenic peptides play a pivotal role mainly by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways and inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system and AMPK pathway, thus promoting the synthesis of muscle proteins and inhibiting their degradation. Antisarcopenic peptides alleviate sarcopenia specific peptides, which may be absorbed into the circulation and exhibit their bioactivity in intact forms. The present review provides a theoretical reference for mitigation and prevention of sarcopenia by food protein-derived bioactive peptides.
肌肉减少症是一种与年龄相关的进行性肌肉疾病，其特征是肌肉质量、力量和功能加速丧失，这是老年人生理功能障碍的重要原因。目前，主要的缓解方法包括蛋白质补充剂来刺激肌肉蛋白的合成。富含支链氨基酸的食物蛋白衍生肽对改善肌肉减少症有显著效果。了解其潜在的分子机制和阐明结构-活性关系对于缓解肌肉减少症至关重要。本综述总结了肌肉减少症的流行病学、发病机制、诊断和治疗，有助于全面了解肌肉减少症。此外，还回顾了食物来源的抗肌肉减少肽的最新研究进展，包括它们的抗肌肉减少肽活性、分子机制和结构特征。食物来源的生物活性肽确实可以缓解/减轻肌肉减少症。这些抗肌肉减少肽主要通过激活 PI3K/Akt/mTOR 和 MAPK 途径以及抑制泛素-蛋白酶体系统和 AMPK 途径来发挥作用，从而促进肌肉蛋白的合成并抑制其降解。抗肌肉减少肽通过食物蛋白来源的生物活性肽缓解肌肉减少症，这些肽可能被吸收到循环中，并以完整形式发挥其生物活性。本综述为通过食物蛋白来源的生物活性肽缓解和预防肌肉减少症提供了理论参考。
