Yimam Mohammed Ahmed, Andreini Martina, Carnevale Sara, Muscaritoli Maurizio
Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2024 Oct 10;11:1461621. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1461621. eCollection 2024.
The current global trend in the nutrition, epidemiologic and demographic transitions collectively alarms the need to pursue a sustainable protein diet that respects ecosystem and biodiversity from alternative sources, such as algae, fungi and edible insects. Then, changing the nutrition reality is extremely important to impede the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition and climate change. This review aims to synthesize the published literature on the potential roles of alternative proteins and their derived bioactive peptides in preventive and clinical nutrition, identify research gaps and inform future research areas. Google Scholar and PubMed databases from their inception up to 30 June 2024 were searched using keywords to access pertinent articles published in English language for the review. Overall, proteins derived from algae, fungi, and edible insects are high-quality proteins as animal sources and demonstrate significant potential as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides, which are metabolically potent and have negligible adverse effects. They show promise to prevent and treat diseases associated with oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease (especially hypertension), and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the abundance of algae, fungi and insect peptides performed or animals, further clinical studies are needed to fully establish their safety, efficacy and practical application in preventive and clinical nutrition. Additionally, social and behavioral change communication strategies would be important to increase health awareness of nutritional benefits and promote consumer acceptance of alternative protein sources.
当前全球营养、流行病学和人口结构转变的趋势共同敲响了警钟，即需要从藻类、真菌和可食用昆虫等替代来源寻求一种尊重生态系统和生物多样性的可持续蛋白质饮食。因此，改变营养现状对于阻止肥胖、营养不良和气候变化的全球综合征极为重要。本综述旨在综合已发表的关于替代蛋白质及其衍生生物活性肽在预防和临床营养中的潜在作用的文献，找出研究空白，并为未来的研究领域提供参考。利用关键词搜索了谷歌学术和PubMed数据库从创建到2024年6月30日期间以英文发表的相关文章，以进行本综述。总体而言，源自藻类、真菌和可食用昆虫的蛋白质与动物源蛋白质一样都是优质蛋白质，并显示出作为生物活性肽可持续来源的巨大潜力，这些生物活性肽具有强大的代谢能力且副作用可忽略不计。它们有望预防和治疗与氧化应激、肥胖、糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病（尤其是高血压）和神经退行性疾病相关的疾病。鉴于藻类、真菌和昆虫肽来源丰富，相对于动物源肽有优势，因此需要进一步的临床研究来全面确定它们在预防和临床营养中的安全性、有效性及实际应用。此外，社会和行为改变沟通策略对于提高人们对营养益处的健康意识以及促进消费者接受替代蛋白质来源至关重要。
