Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India.
School of Life Science and Technology, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2023 Mar 29;80(5):153. doi: 10.1007/s00284-023-03267-3.
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity with destructive impacts on plants, microbes and environments. Its toxicity is due to mishandling and manual hazards in plants and is primarily observed within the soil to cause decline of plants and microbial activity inside the rhizosphere. Cadmium accumulation in crops and the probability of Cd entering the food chain are grave for public health in the worldwide. Cadmium toxicity leads to depletion in seed germination, initial seedling growth, plant biomass, chlorosis, necrosis, hindrance of photosynthetic machinery and other physiological and biological activities in plants. Cadmium triggers the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that influences gene mutation and DNA damage that affects the cell cycle and cell division. Cd toxicity altered the levels of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, glycine betaine, proline and organic acids in crops. Under stress conditions, the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have various properties such as enzymatic activities, plant growth hormones production, phosphate solubilization, siderophores production and chelating agents that help the plants tolerate against Cd stress and also increase phenolic compound levels and osmolytes. Hence, this review highlights the crucial role of cadmium tolerant PGPR for crop production, declining metal phytoavailability and enhancing morphological and physiological boundaries of plants under stress conditions. It could be an environment friendly and cost effective technology under sustainable crop production.
镉（Cd）是一种毒性相当大的重金属，对植物、微生物和环境都有破坏性影响。它的毒性是由于植物内部的处理不当和人为危害造成的，主要在土壤中观察到，导致植物衰退和根际微生物活性下降。农作物中镉的积累以及 Cd 进入食物链的可能性对全球公众健康构成严重威胁。镉毒性导致种子萌发、幼苗生长、植物生物量、黄化、坏死、光合作用机制受阻以及其他生理和生物活性受到抑制。镉会引发活性氧（ROS），影响基因突变和 DNA 损伤，从而影响细胞周期和细胞分裂。镉毒性改变了农作物中酚类化合物、碳水化合物、甘氨酸甜菜碱、脯氨酸和有机酸的水平。在胁迫条件下，植物促生根际细菌（PGPR）具有多种特性，如酶活性、植物生长激素的产生、磷酸盐的溶解、铁载体的产生和螯合剂的产生，这些特性有助于植物耐受 Cd 胁迫，同时还能提高酚类化合物的水平和渗透物。因此，本综述强调了耐镉 PGPR 在作物生产中的关键作用，降低了金属的植物有效性，并增强了植物在胁迫条件下的形态和生理边界。这是一种在可持续作物生产中环保且具有成本效益的技术。
