Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Oct;30(5):1814-1828. doi: 10.3758/s13423-023-02267-5. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Six preregistered studies show that the degree of similarity of two objects biases people's spatial memory of these objects. When objects are high in similarity, people remember having seen them closer together in space than when they are low in similarity. All six studies provide correlational evidence, showing that the more similar participants rated two stimuli, the smaller they remembered the distance between them. This was true for both conceptual and perceptual similarity (Study 3). Furthermore, Studies 2, 4A, and 4B provide evidence of causality by manipulating similarity experimentally. Replicating the correlational findings, highly similar stimuli were remembered as closer together than stimuli low in similarity. This pattern was found across different stimulus categories and similarity dimensions. Overall, these findings show that the similarity of stimuli influences perceivers' reconstruction of their spatial locations.
六项预先注册的研究表明，两个物体的相似程度会影响人们对这些物体的空间记忆。当两个物体相似程度较高时，人们会记得自己看到它们在空间上靠得更近；而当两个物体相似程度较低时，他们会记得它们之间的距离较远。这六项研究都提供了相关性证据，表明参与者对两个刺激的评价越相似，他们就越记得它们之间的距离越小。这对于概念相似性和感知相似性都是如此（研究 3）。此外，研究 2、4A 和 4B 通过实验操纵相似性提供了因果关系的证据。高度相似的刺激被记住的距离比相似度低的刺激更近，这与相关性研究的结果一致。这一模式在不同的刺激类别和相似性维度中都有发现。总的来说，这些发现表明刺激的相似性会影响感知者对其空间位置的重建。
