Şimşek Arife, Mutlu Ekrem
Blacksea Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey.
Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(20):58796-58812. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26568-3. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the Kışla (Kozcagiz) Dam located in the province of Bartın in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Water samples were collected monthly from 5 stations for a year and analyses were conducted using 27 water quality parameters. The quality of the dam and the water quality parameters were evaluated using different indices in comparison to the limits determined according to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkey Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR). Water quality index (WQI), organic pollution index (OPI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), permeability index (PI), and metal pollution index (MPI) were calculated and spatial assessment of pollution was made seasonally by making use of the geographic information system (GIS). A piper diagram was used in determining the facies of the water. The types of Ca-Mg-HCO predominated in the dam water. Moreover, statistical analyses were used in order to determine if there was a significant difference between the parameters. WQI results generally indicate that the water quality was good in all seasons; however, only in the autumn, sampling points S1 (101.58), S2 (100.59), S4 (102.31), and S5 (102.12) showed poor water characteristics. According to the OPI results, while winter and spring yielded good water quality, summer samples were lightly polluted and autumn samples were moderately polluted. Given SAR results, it can be stated that the water of Kışla Dam could be used as irrigation water. Considering the standards specified by WHO and SWQR, the parameters generally exceeded the threshold values, but the water hardness value was much higher than 100 mg L specified in SWQR as very hard water. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the pollution sources were anthropogenic. Thus, for the dam water to not be affected by the increasing pollutant factors, it should be continuously monitored, and attention should be paid to the irrigation methods used in agricultural activities.
本研究旨在评估位于土耳其黑海西部地区巴尔廷省的基斯拉（科兹卡吉兹）大坝的水质。一年中每月从5个站点采集水样，并使用27个水质参数进行分析。与根据世界卫生组织（WHO）和土耳其地表水水质法规（SWQR）设定的标准确定的限值相比，使用不同指标对大坝水质和水质参数进行了评估。计算了水质指数（WQI）、有机污染指数（OPI）、钠吸附比（SAR）、镁吸附比（MAR）、渗透率指数（PI）和金属污染指数（MPI），并利用地理信息系统（GIS）对污染进行了季节性空间评估。使用派珀图确定水的相。大坝水中以Ca-Mg-HCO类型为主。此外，还使用统计分析来确定参数之间是否存在显著差异。WQI结果总体表明，所有季节水质良好；然而，仅在秋季，采样点S1（101.58）、S2（100.59）、S4（102.31）和S5（102.12）显示水质较差。根据OPI结果，冬季和春季水质良好，夏季样品轻度污染，秋季样品中度污染。根据SAR结果，可以说基斯拉大坝的水可作为灌溉用水。考虑到WHO和SWQR规定的标准，参数总体上超过了阈值，但水硬度值远高于SWQR规定的100mg/L极硬水标准。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明污染源是人为的。因此，为使大坝水不受不断增加的污染因素影响，应持续对其进行监测，并关注农业活动中使用的灌溉方法。
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