Kick Andrew R, Grete Alicyn F, Crisci Elisa, Almond Glen W, Käser Tobias
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Department of Chemistry & Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 5;11(3):594. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030594.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an on-going problem for the worldwide pig industry. Commercial and experimental vaccinations often demonstrate reduced pathology and improved growth performance; however, specific immune correlates of protection (CoP) for PRRSV vaccination have not been quantified or even definitively postulated: proposing CoP for evaluation during vaccination and challenge studies will benefit our collective efforts towards achieving protective immunity. Applying the breadth of work on human diseases and CoP to PRRSV research, we advocate four hypotheses for peer review and evaluation as appropriate testable CoP: (i) effective class-switching to systemic IgG and mucosal IgA neutralizing antibodies is required for protective immunity; (ii) vaccination should induce virus-specific peripheral blood CD4 T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production with central memory and effector memory phenotypes; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) proliferation and IFN-γ production with a CCR7 phenotype that should migrate to the lung; (iii) nursery, finishing, and adult pigs will have different CoP; (iv) neutralizing antibodies provide protection and are rather strain specific; T cells confer disease prevention/reduction and possess greater heterologous recognition. We believe proposing these four CoP for PRRSV can direct future vaccine design and improve vaccine candidate evaluation.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）一直是全球养猪业面临的问题。商业疫苗和实验性疫苗接种通常能减轻病理症状并改善生长性能；然而，PRRSV疫苗接种的特定保护性免疫相关指标（CoP）尚未得到量化，甚至尚未明确提出：在疫苗接种和攻毒研究中提出CoP进行评估，将有助于我们共同努力实现保护性免疫。将人类疾病和CoP方面的广泛研究成果应用于PRRSV研究，我们提出四个假设以供同行评审和评估，作为合适的可测试CoP：（i）保护性免疫需要有效地向全身性IgG和黏膜IgA中和抗体进行类别转换；（ii）疫苗接种应诱导病毒特异性外周血CD4 T细胞增殖以及具有中枢记忆和效应记忆表型的IFN-γ产生；具有CCR7表型的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）增殖以及IFN-γ产生，且应迁移至肺部；（iii）保育猪、育肥猪和成年猪的CoP会有所不同；（iv）中和抗体提供保护且具有相当的毒株特异性；T细胞可预防/减轻疾病并具有更强的异源识别能力。我们认为，为PRRSV提出这四个CoP可以指导未来的疫苗设计并改进候选疫苗的评估。
