ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar 191132, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, RS-Chettalli, Bangaluru 571248, Karnataka, India.
Viruses. 2023 Mar 21;15(3):795. doi: 10.3390/v15030795.
Besides apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) has also been found to be associated with apple mosaic disease. Both viruses are unevenly distributed throughout the plant and their titer decreases variably with high temperatures, hence requiring proper tissue and time for early and real-time detection within plants. The present study was carried out to understand the distribution and titer of ApMV and ApNMV in apple trees from different plant parts (spatial) during different seasons (temporal) for the optimization of tissue and time for their timely detection. The Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to detect and quantify both viruses in the various plant parts of apple trees during different seasons. Depending on the availability of tissue, both ApMV and ApNMV were detected in all the plant parts during the spring season using RT-PCR. During the summer, both viruses were detected only in seeds and fruits, whereas they were detected in leaves and pedicel during the autumn season. The RT-qPCR results showed that during the spring, the ApMV and ApNMV expression was higher in leaves, whereas in the summer and autumn, the titer was mostly detected in seeds and leaves, respectively. The leaves in the spring and autumn seasons and the seeds in the summer season can be used as detection tissues through RT-PCR for early and rapid detection of ApMV and ApNMV. This study was validated on 7 cultivars of apples infected with both viruses. This will help to accurately sample and index the planting material well ahead of time, which will aid in the production of virus-free, quality planting material.
除苹果花叶病毒 (ApMV) 外,苹果坏死花叶病毒 (ApNMV) 也与苹果花叶病有关。这两种病毒在植物体内分布不均匀,其滴度随高温而变化,因此需要在植物体内进行适当的组织和时间进行早期和实时检测。本研究旨在了解不同季节不同植物部位 (空间) 的苹果树中 ApMV 和 ApNMV 的分布和滴度,以便优化组织和时间,及时进行检测。采用反转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 和反转录定量聚合酶链反应 (RT-qPCR) 检测和定量不同季节苹果树不同部位的两种病毒。根据组织的可用性,在春季使用 RT-PCR 检测到所有植物部位均存在 ApMV 和 ApNMV。在夏季,两种病毒仅在种子和果实中检测到,而在秋季仅在叶片和花梗中检测到。RT-qPCR 结果表明,在春季,叶片中 ApMV 和 ApNMV 的表达水平较高,而在夏季和秋季,种子和叶片中的滴度分别较高。春季和秋季的叶片和夏季的种子可通过 RT-PCR 作为检测组织,用于 ApMV 和 ApNMV 的早期快速检测。本研究在感染两种病毒的 7 个苹果品种上进行了验证。这将有助于提前准确采样和索引种植材料,从而有助于生产无病毒、高质量的种植材料。
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