Comereski C R, Williams P D, Bregman C L, Hottendorf G H
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Feb;6(2):335-8. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(86)90248-4.
Pain on injection due to parenteral administration of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cefoxitin with or without 1% lidocaine was examined in a rat paw-lick model and the results compared with those obtained in a rabbit intramuscular model of irritation. In both animal models, cephaloridine caused similar or a slightly greater response than sterile water. Conversely, cefoxitin and cephalothin caused a much greater reaction than water in both models. The only major difference in the rankings by the two models was with formulations in which an anesthetic agent was incorporated into the diluent. As expected, the presence of a local anesthetic masked pain on injection but not muscle damage. The rat paw-lick model is an alternative to the traditional rabbit muscle irritation model for rapidly assessing both pain on injection and muscle irritation of parenteral formulations.
在大鼠舔爪模型中研究了头孢利定、头孢噻吩和头孢西丁在有或没有1%利多卡因的情况下经肠胃外给药时的注射疼痛情况，并将结果与在兔肌肉刺激模型中获得的结果进行了比较。在这两种动物模型中，头孢利定引起的反应与无菌水相似或略大。相反，在两种模型中，头孢西丁和头孢噻吩引起的反应比水大得多。两种模型在排名上的唯一主要差异在于稀释剂中加入了麻醉剂的制剂。正如预期的那样，局部麻醉剂的存在掩盖了注射时的疼痛，但没有掩盖肌肉损伤。大鼠舔爪模型是一种替代传统兔肌肉刺激模型的方法，可用于快速评估肠胃外制剂的注射疼痛和肌肉刺激。
