Swansea University, School of Psychology, Swansea, Wales, UK.
Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Adv Nutr. 2023 May;14(3):366-378. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.010. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
This perspective article is a product of a workshop of experts convened by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS), a nonprofit organization that brings together scientists from government, academia, and industry to catalyze science relevant to food and nutrition for public benefit. An expert group was convened in March 2022 to discuss the current issues surrounding cognitive task selection in nutrition research, with a focus on solutions toward informing dietary guidance for cognitive health, to address a gap identified in the 2020 United States Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report, specifically the "considerable variation in testing methods used, [and] inconsistent validity and reliability of cognitive testing methods." To address this issue, we first undertook an umbrella review of relevant reviews already undertaken; these indicate agreement on some of the issues that affect heterogeneity in task selection, and on many of the fundamental principles underlying the selection of cognitive outcome measures. However, resolving the points of disagreement is critical to ensuring a meaningful impact on the issue of heterogeneity in task selection; these issues hamper the evaluation of existing data for informing dietary guidance. This summary of the literature is therefore followed by the expert group's perspective in the form of a discussion of potential solutions to these challenges, with the aim of building on the work of previous reviews in the area and advancing dietary guidance for cognitive health. Registered on PROSPERO: CRD42022348106. Data described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will be made publicly and freely available without restriction at doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XRZCK.
这篇观点文章是由非营利组织“推进食品与营养科学协会”（IAFNS）召集专家研讨会的成果，该协会汇集了来自政府、学术界和工业界的科学家，旨在促进与食品和营养相关的科学，以造福公众。一个专家组于 2022 年 3 月召开会议，讨论营养研究中认知任务选择的当前问题，重点是为认知健康提供饮食指导的解决方案，以解决 2020 年美国饮食指南咨询委员会报告中确定的一个差距，特别是“所使用的测试方法存在相当大的差异，[并且]认知测试方法的有效性和可靠性不一致”。为了解决这个问题，我们首先对已经进行的相关综述进行了伞式审查；这些综述表明，在一些影响任务选择异质性的问题上以及在选择认知结果测量的许多基本原则上达成了一致。然而，解决分歧点对于确保对任务选择异质性问题产生有意义的影响至关重要；这些问题阻碍了评估现有数据以提供饮食指导。因此，在文献综述之后，专家组以讨论解决这些挑战的潜在解决方案的形式提出了自己的观点，旨在在前人综述的基础上推进认知健康的饮食指导。在 PROSPERO 上注册：CRD42022348106。本文档、代码手册和分析代码中描述的数据将在无限制的情况下公开和免费提供，网址为 doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XRZCK。
