Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Mar 14;13:1138588. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138588. eCollection 2023.
Considering the high incidence rates of denture stomatitis, research that providing dental biomaterials with antifungal property are essential for clinical dentistry. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) modification on the antifungal and cytotoxic properties, as well as the variance in surface characteristics and other physicochemical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin.
PMMA with various mass fraction of ZDMA (1 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt%) were prepared for experimental groups, and unmodified PMMA for the control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied for characterization. Thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle were performed to investigate the thermal stability and surface characteristics (n=5). Antifungal capacities and cytocompatibility were evaluated with Candida albicans () and human oral fibroblasts (HGFs), respectively. Colony-forming unit counting, crystal violet assay, live/dead biofilm staining and scanning electron microscopy observation were performed to assess antifungal effects, and the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species production was applied to explore the possible antimicrobial mechanism. Finally, the cytotoxicity of ZDMA modified PMMA resin was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and live/dead double staining.
The FTIR analyses confirmed some variation in chemical bonding and physical blend of the composites. Incorporation of ZDMA significantly enhanced the thermal stability and hydrophilicity compared with unmodified PMMA (p < 0.05). The surface roughness increased with the addition of ZDMA while remained below the suggested threshold (≤ 0.2 µm). The antifungal activity significantly improved with ZDMA incorporation, and cytocompatibility assays indicated no obvious cytotoxicity on HGFs.
In the present study, the ZDMA mass fraction up to 5 wt% in PMMA performed better thermal stability, and an increase in surface roughness and hydrophilicity without enhancing microbial adhesion. Moreover, the ZDMA modified PMMA showed effective antifungal activity without inducing any cellular side effects.
鉴于义齿性口炎的高发病率，研究提供具有抗真菌性能的牙科生物材料对于临床牙科至关重要。本研究的目的是研究锌二甲基丙烯酸酯（ZDMA）改性对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）义齿基托树脂的抗真菌和细胞毒性特性以及表面特性和其他物理化学性质变化的影响。
将不同质量分数的 ZDMA（1wt%、2.5wt%和 5wt%）的 PMMA 制备成实验组，并用未改性的 PMMA 作为对照组。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行表征。通过热重分析、原子力显微镜和水接触角来研究热稳定性和表面特性（n=5）。用白色念珠菌（）和人口腔成纤维细胞（HGF）分别评估抗真菌能力和细胞相容性。通过平板计数法、结晶紫法、活/死生物膜染色和扫描电子显微镜观察评估抗真菌效果，并应用细胞内活性氧（ROS）产生检测来探索可能的抗菌机制。最后，通过 3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）法和活/死双重染色评估 ZDMA 改性 PMMA 树脂的细胞毒性。
FTIR 分析证实了复合材料中化学键和物理混合的一些变化。与未改性 PMMA 相比，ZDMA 的加入显著提高了热稳定性和亲水性（p<0.05）。随着 ZDMA 的加入，表面粗糙度增加，但仍低于建议的阈值（≤0.2μm）。抗真菌活性随着 ZDMA 的加入而显著提高，细胞相容性试验表明对 HGF 无明显细胞毒性。
在本研究中，PMMA 中 ZDMA 的质量分数高达 5wt%，表现出更好的热稳定性，同时增加了表面粗糙度和亲水性，而不会增加微生物附着。此外，ZDMA 改性 PMMA 具有有效的抗真菌活性，而不会引起任何细胞副作用。
