Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jun 15;44(9):3506-3518. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26294. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
Recent findings indicate that sleep after trauma compared to sleep loss inhibits intrusive memory development, possibly by promoting adequate memory consolidation and integration. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we examined the neural correlates underlying the effects of sleep on traumatic memory development in 110 healthy participants using a trauma film paradigm and an implicit memory task with fMRI recordings in a between-subjects design. To further facilitate memory integration, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) to reactivate traumatic memories during sleep. We found that sleep (i.e., nap) compared to wakefulness reduced the number of intrusive traumatic memories for the experimental trauma groups. TMR during sleep only descriptively reduced the intrusions further. On the level of brain activity, increased activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex and precuneus was found in the experimental trauma group compared to the control group after wakefulness. After sleep, on the other hand, these findings could not be found in the experimental trauma groups compared to the control group. Sleep compared to wakefulness increased activity in the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala during implicit retrieval of trauma memories in the experimental trauma groups. Activity in the hippocampus and the amygdala predicted subsequent intrusions. Results demonstrate the beneficial behavioral and neural effects of sleep after experimental trauma and provide indications for early neural predictor factors. This study has implications for understanding the important role of sleep for personalized treatment and prevention in posttraumatic stress disorder.
最近的研究结果表明，与睡眠缺失相比，创伤后睡眠可以抑制侵入性记忆的发展，这可能是通过促进充分的记忆巩固和整合来实现的。然而，其潜在的神经机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用创伤影片范式和 fMRI 记录的内隐记忆任务，在被试间设计中，检查了 110 名健康参与者中睡眠对创伤性记忆发展的影响的神经相关性。为了进一步促进记忆整合，我们在睡眠期间使用了靶向记忆再激活（TMR）来重新激活创伤性记忆。我们发现，与清醒相比，睡眠（即小睡）减少了实验组对实验性创伤的侵入性创伤记忆的数量。在睡眠期间进行 TMR 只是描述性地进一步减少了侵入。在大脑活动水平上，与对照组相比，实验组在清醒后，在前扣带皮层和后扣带皮层、后扣带皮层和楔前叶以及顶下小叶和杏仁核中发现了更多的活动。另一方面，与对照组相比，实验组在睡眠后无法发现这些发现。与清醒相比，实验组在对创伤记忆进行内隐检索时，小脑、梭状回、颞下回、海马和杏仁核的活动增加。海马和杏仁核的活动预测了随后的侵入。研究结果表明，睡眠对实验性创伤后具有有益的行为和神经效应，并为早期神经预测因素提供了依据。这项研究对于理解睡眠在创伤后应激障碍的个性化治疗和预防中的重要作用具有启示意义。
