Carbone Julia, Diekelmann Susanne
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
NPJ Sci Learn. 2024 Apr 15;9(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8.
Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) is a noninvasive tool to manipulate memory consolidation during sleep. TMR builds on the brain's natural processes of memory reactivation during sleep and aims to facilitate or bias these processes in a certain direction. The basis of this technique is the association of learning content with sensory cues, such as odors or sounds, that are presented during subsequent sleep to promote memory reactivation. Research on TMR has drastically increased over the last decade with rapid developments. The aim of the present review is to highlight the most recent advances of this research. We focus on effects of TMR on the strengthening of memories in the declarative, procedural and emotional memory domain as well as on ways in which TMR can be used to promote forgetting. We then discuss advanced technical approaches to determine the optimal timing of TMR within the ongoing oscillatory activity of the sleeping brain as well as the specificity of TMR for certain memory contents. We further highlight the specific effects of TMR during REM sleep and in influencing dream content. Finally, we discuss recent evidence for potential applications of TMR for mental health, educational purposes and in the home setting. In conclusion, the last years of research have provided substantial advances in TMR that can guide future endeavors in research and application.
靶向记忆再激活（TMR）是一种在睡眠期间操纵记忆巩固的非侵入性工具。TMR建立在大脑睡眠期间记忆再激活的自然过程之上，旨在促进这些过程或以特定方向偏向这些过程。该技术的基础是将学习内容与随后睡眠期间呈现的嗅觉或声音等感觉线索相关联，以促进记忆再激活。在过去十年中，随着快速发展，对TMR的研究急剧增加。本综述的目的是突出这项研究的最新进展。我们关注TMR对陈述性、程序性和情感记忆领域中记忆强化的影响，以及TMR可用于促进遗忘的方式。然后，我们讨论先进的技术方法，以确定在睡眠大脑的持续振荡活动中TMR的最佳时机，以及TMR对某些记忆内容的特异性。我们进一步强调TMR在快速眼动睡眠期间的具体影响以及对梦境内容的影响。最后，我们讨论TMR在心理健康、教育目的和家庭环境中的潜在应用的最新证据。总之，过去几年的研究在TMR方面取得了重大进展，可为未来的研究和应用努力提供指导。
