Koskeroglu Kursat, Barel Mukaddes, Hizlisoy Harun, Yildirim Yeliz
Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey.
Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey.
Res Microbiol. 2023 Jun;174(5):104056. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104056. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
Water sources (surface water, drinking water, rivers, and ponds) are significant reservoirs for transmitting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, these waters are an important public health problem because they are suitable environments for transferring antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial species. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in water samples, the susceptibility of the isolates to the specified antibiotics, the determination of biofilm ability, antibiotic resistance genes, and the molecular typing of the isolates. For this purpose, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses were used. Out of 70 isolates, 15 (21%) were ESBL producing, and sent for the MALDI-TOF analysis, where Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas oleovorans, and Enterobacter ludwigigii were identified. Moreover, colistin resistance genes (mcr 1/2/6, mcr 4, mcr 5, mcr 3/7, and mcr 8), ESBL-encoding genes (bla, bla, and bla) and carbapenemase genes (bla, bla, and bla) using molecular analysis (PCR) were confirmed. The colistin resistance gene was detected at 80% (12/15) in the isolates obtained. The distribution of these isolates according to resistance genes was found as mcr 1/2/6 4 (20%), mcr 3/7 3 (13%), and mcr 5 (40%). Additionally, the isolates harbored bla(6.6%) and bla (6.6%) genes. However, bla, bla, bla, and bla genes were not detected in any isolates. According to the Congo red agar method, seven (46.6%) isolates showed negative biofilm ability, and eight (53.3%) showed moderate biofilm ability. However, the microplate method detected weak biofilm in 53.3% of the isolates. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria that co-exist with mcr and ESBL genes in water sources. These bacteria can migrate to other environments and pose increasing threats to public health.
水源（地表水、饮用水、河流和池塘）是传播抗药性细菌的重要储集库。此外，这些水是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为它们是细菌物种之间转移抗生素耐药基因的适宜环境。我们的研究旨在评估水样中产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的分离株的流行率、分离株对特定抗生素的敏感性、生物膜能力的测定、抗生素耐药基因以及分离株的分子分型。为此，我们使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）分析。在 70 株分离株中，有 15 株（21%）为产 ESBL 株，并进行 MALDI-TOF 分析，鉴定出大肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肠杆菌布氏亚种、醋酸钙不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、琼氏不动杆菌、解脂假丝酵母和鲁氏不动杆菌。此外，通过分子分析（PCR）证实了粘菌素耐药基因（mcr1/2/6、mcr4、mcr5、mcr3/7、mcr8）、ESBL 编码基因（blaCTX-M、blaSHV 和 blaTEM）和碳青霉烯酶基因（blaOXA-48、blaNDM 和 blaIMP）的存在。在所获得的分离株中，80%（12/15）检测到粘菌素耐药基因。根据耐药基因的分布，这些分离株分别为 mcr1/2/6 4 株（20%）、mcr3/7 3 株（13%）和 mcr5 株（40%）。此外，分离株携带 blaCTX-M（6.6%）和 blaSHV（6.6%）基因。然而，任何分离株均未检测到 blaOXA-48、blaNDM 和 blaIMP 基因。根据刚果红琼脂法，7 株（46.6%）分离株表现出阴性生物膜能力，8 株（53.3%）表现出中度生物膜能力。然而，微孔板法检测到 53.3%的分离株有弱生物膜。总之，本研究为水源中存在同时携带 mcr 和 ESBL 基因的多药耐药菌提供了证据。这些细菌可以迁移到其他环境中，并对公共健康构成越来越大的威胁。
