Institute of Occupational Health Assessment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China.
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 17;11:1063488. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063488. eCollection 2023.
Occupational hazards such as solvents and noise in the electronics industry are serious. Although various occupational health risk assessment models have been applied in the electronics industry, they have only been used to assess the risks of individual job positions. Few existing studies have focused on the total risk level of critical risk factors in enterprises.
Ten electronics enterprises were selected for this study. Information, air samples and physical factor measurements were collected from the selected enterprises through on-site investigation, and then the data were collated and samples were tested according to the requirements of Chinese standards. The Occupational Health Risk Classification and Assessment Model (referred to as the Classification Model), the Occupational Health Risk Grading and Assessment Model (referred to as the Grading Model), and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Model were used to assess the risks of the enterprises. The correlations and differences between the three models were analyzed, and the results of the models were validated by the average risk level of all of the hazard factors.
Hazards with concentrations exceeding the Chinese occupational exposure limits (OELs) were methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and noise. The exposure time of workers ranged from 1 to 11 h per day and the frequency of exposure ranged from 5 to 6 times per week. The risk ratios (RRs) of the Classification Model, the Grading Model and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Model were 0.70 ± 0.10, 0.34 ± 0.13, and 0.65 ± 0.21, respectively. The RRs for the three risk assessment models were statistically different ( < 0.001), and there were no correlations between them ( > 0.05). The average risk level of all of the hazard factors was 0.38 ± 0.18, which did not differ from the RRs of the Grading Model ( > 0.05).
The hazards of organic solvents and noise in the electronics industry are not negligible. The Grading Model offers a good reflection of the actual risk level of the electronics industry and has strong practicability.
电子行业存在有机溶剂和噪声等职业危害，较为严重。虽然已有多种职业健康风险评估模型在电子行业得到应用，但这些模型多是针对单一岗位进行风险评估，鲜有针对企业内关键危害因素的整体风险水平进行评估的研究。
本研究选择了 10 家电子企业。通过现场调查，从选定的企业收集信息、空气样本和物理因素测量值，然后按照中国标准的要求对数据进行整理和样本测试。采用职业健康风险分类评估模型（简称分类模型）、职业健康风险分级评估模型（简称分级模型）和职业病危害评价模型对企业风险进行评估。分析了三种模型的相关性和差异性，并通过所有危害因素的平均风险水平验证了模型的结果。
浓度超过中国职业接触限值（OELs）的危害因素有二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷和噪声。工人的暴露时间为每天 1 至 11 小时，暴露频率为每周 5 至 6 次。分类模型、分级模型和职业病危害评价模型的风险比（RR）分别为 0.70±0.10、0.34±0.13 和 0.65±0.21。三个风险评估模型的 RR 值差异有统计学意义（<0.001），且相互之间无相关性（>0.05）。所有危害因素的平均风险水平为 0.38±0.18，与分级模型的 RR 值无差异（>0.05）。
电子行业有机溶剂和噪声危害不容忽视。分级模型较好地反映了电子行业的实际风险水平，具有较强的实用性。
