Zhang Yi, Huang Zhuohui, Jiang Jie
Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2023 Mar 28;24(1):2186689. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2186689. eCollection 2023.
The traditional von Neumann architecture is gradually failing to meet the urgent need for highly parallel computing, high-efficiency, and ultra-low power consumption for the current explosion of data. Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing can break the inherent limitations of traditional computers. Neuromorphic devices are the key hardware units of neuromorphic chips to implement the intelligent computing. In recent years, the development of optogenetics and photosensitive materials has provided new avenues for the research of neuromorphic devices. The emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices have received a lot of attentions because they have shown great potential in the field of visual bionics. In this paper, we summarize the latest visual bionic applications of optoelectronic synaptic memristors and transistors based on different photosensitive materials. The basic principle of bio-vision formation is first introduced. Then the device structures and operating mechanisms of optoelectronic memristors and transistors are discussed. Most importantly, the recent progresses of optoelectronic synaptic devices based on various photosensitive materials in the fields of visual perception are described. Finally, the problems and challenges of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are summarized, and the future development of visual bionics is also proposed.
传统的冯·诺依曼架构正逐渐无法满足当前数据爆炸式增长对高并行计算、高效率和超低功耗的迫切需求。受大脑启发的神经形态计算能够突破传统计算机的固有局限。神经形态器件是实现智能计算的神经形态芯片的关键硬件单元。近年来，光遗传学和光敏材料的发展为神经形态器件的研究提供了新途径。新兴的光电神经形态器件因其在视觉仿生领域展现出巨大潜力而备受关注。在本文中，我们总结了基于不同光敏材料的光电突触忆阻器和晶体管在视觉仿生方面的最新应用。首先介绍生物视觉形成的基本原理。然后讨论光电忆阻器和晶体管的器件结构及工作机制。最重要的是，描述了基于各种光敏材料的光电突触器件在视觉感知领域的最新进展。最后，总结了光电神经形态器件存在的问题与挑战，并对视觉仿生的未来发展提出了展望。
