Hwang Jooyeon, Chong Ngee-Sing, Zhang Mengliang, Agnew Robert J, Xu Chao, Li Zhuangjie, Xu Xin
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Mar 26;21:100482. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100482. eCollection 2023 May.
As wildfire risks have elevated due to climate change, the health risks that toxicants from fire smoke pose to wildland firefighters have been exacerbated. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reclassified wildland firefighters' occupational exposure as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Wildfire smoke contributes to an increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, yet wildland firefighters have inadequate respiratory protection. The economic cost of wildland fires has risen concurrently, as illustrated by the appropriation of $45 billion for wildfire management over FYs 2011-2020 by the U.S. Congress. Occupational epidemiological studies of wildland firefighters are crucial for minimizing health risks; however, they must account for the mixture of exposures in wildfire smoke. This review focuses on four aspects of wildland firefighters' health risks at the wildland-urban interface: 1) economic costs and health impact, 2) respiratory protection, 3) multipollutant mixtures, and 4) proactive management of wildfires.
由于气候变化导致野火风险增加，火灾烟雾中的有毒物质对野外消防员构成的健康风险也随之加剧。最近，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将野外消防员的职业暴露重新归类为对人类致癌（第1组）。野火烟雾会增加患癌症和心血管疾病的风险，但野外消防员的呼吸防护不足。野火的经济成本也随之上升，例如美国国会在2011财年至2020财年期间拨款450亿美元用于野火管理。对野外消防员进行职业流行病学研究对于将健康风险降至最低至关重要；然而，这些研究必须考虑野火烟雾中的混合暴露因素。本综述聚焦于城乡交界处野外消防员健康风险的四个方面：1）经济成本与健康影响，2）呼吸防护，3）多种污染物混合物，4）野火的主动管理。
