Honscha Laiz Coutelle, Reis Fernanda Oliveira, Aikawa Priscila, Coronas Mariana Vieira, Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza, Baisch Paulo Roberto Martins, da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, Km 8, S/N, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203900, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Cachoeira Do Sul, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo D'Areia, Cachoeira Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96503-205, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(21):59499-59509. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26708-9. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
The Candiota region, located in the extreme south of Brazil, has the largest mineral coal deposit in the country, and this activity is capable of releasing pollutants in which they are associated with the contamination of different matrices (soil, water, and air). The present study aimed to carry out a risk assessment to human health of atmospheric pollutants NO and SO and PM-bound metal(loid)s in the municipality of Candiota, in addition to evaluating the correlation of meteorological parameters for the dynamics and potential risk of these pollutants. Pollutants were sampled from stations located almost 4 km from coal exploration activities, and the trace elements As, Cd, Se, Pb, and Ni, in addition to NO and SO, were evaluated. Risk assessment was conducted taking into account the risk to adults via the inhalation route. During the sampling period, all pollutants presented values lower than national legislation or internationally accepted values, and Pb was the element that presented the highest values throughout the sampled period. The risk assessment showed no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, even when considering the sum of the risk of all analyzed pollutants. It can be observed that the highest levels of Pb, As, and Se occurred in the winter season, while the levels of Ni and Cd were higher in the spring, and the meteorological parameters were correlated with the pollutants, even using a temporal lag of 5 days. Although the air pollutants evaluated did not present a risk to human health, continuous monitoring of regions with strong mineral exploration activity must be carried out with a view to maintaining the well-being of exposed populations, mainly because there are people living in areas closer to sources of coal pollution than distance to air quality monitoring stations.
坎迪奥塔地区位于巴西南部最南端，拥有该国最大的烟煤矿床，而这一活动会释放污染物，这些污染物会导致不同基质（土壤、水和空气）受到污染。本研究旨在对坎迪奥塔市大气污染物一氧化氮、二氧化硫以及与颗粒物结合的金属（类金属）进行人体健康风险评估，此外，还评估气象参数与这些污染物的动态变化及潜在风险之间的相关性。污染物样本采自距离煤炭开采活动近4公里的监测站，除了一氧化氮和二氧化硫外，还对微量元素砷、镉、硒、铅和镍进行了评估。风险评估考虑了成年人通过吸入途径面临的风险。在采样期间，所有污染物的数值均低于国家法规或国际公认值，铅是整个采样期间数值最高的元素。风险评估显示，即使考虑所有分析污染物的风险总和，也不存在致癌和非致癌风险。可以观察到，铅、砷和硒的最高含量出现在冬季，而镍和镉的含量在春季较高，气象参数与污染物相关，即使采用了5天的时间滞后。尽管所评估的空气污染物对人体健康未构成风险，但为了维护受影响人群的健康，必须对矿产勘探活动频繁的地区进行持续监测，主要是因为有些居民居住在距离煤炭污染源较近的地区，距离空气质量监测站较远。
