Lei Kexin, Lin Shuibin, Yuan Quan
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
Genes Dis. 2021 Nov 19;10(1):126-134. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.005. eCollection 2023 Jan.
As key components of the ribosome and the most abundant RNA species, the rRNAs are modified during ribosome formation. N-methyladenosine (mA) is a conserved RNA modification occurring on different RNA species including rRNAs. Recently, it has been reported that ZCCHC4 and METTL5 are methyltransferases that mediate mA modification of human 28S and 18S rRNA, respectively. The newly discovered biological functions of the two methyltransferases include regulation of mRNA translation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, stress response, and other biological processes. Both of them, especially METTL5, have been proved to be associated with a variety of diseases such as intellectual disability, cancer, congenital dysplasia and have potential clinical application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
作为核糖体的关键组成部分以及最丰富的RNA种类，rRNA在核糖体形成过程中会发生修饰。N-甲基腺苷（mA）是一种存在于包括rRNA在内的不同RNA种类上的保守RNA修饰。最近，有报道称ZCCHC4和METTL5分别是介导人类28S和18S rRNA的mA修饰的甲基转移酶。这两种甲基转移酶新发现的生物学功能包括调节mRNA翻译、细胞增殖、细胞分化、应激反应及其他生物学过程。它们两者，尤其是METTL5，已被证明与多种疾病相关，如智力残疾、癌症、先天性发育异常，并且作为生物标志物和治疗靶点具有潜在的临床应用价值。
