College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Jul;45(7):4979-4993. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01563-2. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
As a carrier of toxic substances, household dust has a great impact on human health. Here we collected 73 household dust samples from 27 provinces and 1 municipality in China to investigate the levels, spatial distribution, sources, and carcinogenic risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total concentrations of 14 detected PAHs (∑ PAHs) ranged from 3.72 to 60,885 ng g. High ∑ PAHs were found in Northeast and Southwest China. High molecular weights (HMW) PAHs (4-6 rings) were predominant PAHs in most dust samples, accounting for 93.6% of ∑ PAHs. Household fuel, cooking frequency, air conditioning, and smoking were the main factors influencing PAH concentrations in household dust. Principal component analysis model indicated that fossil combustion (81.5%) and biomass combustion and vehicle exhaust (8.1%) are the primary sources of PAHs. Positive matrix factorization model suggested that household cooking and heating contributed about 70% of ∑ PAHs, and smoking contributed another 30%. The values of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent in rural dust were found to be higher than those in urban dust. The sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) of 14 PAHs were in range of 0.372-7241 ng g, in which 7 HMW PAHs accounted for 98.0 ± 1.98% of the total TEQs. Monte Carlo Simulation showed a low to moderate potential carcinogenic risk of PAHs in household dusts. This study documents comprehensive information on human exposure to PAHs in household dust at a national-scale.
作为有毒物质的载体，家庭灰尘对人类健康有很大的影响。在这里，我们从中国 27 个省和 1 个直辖市收集了 73 个家庭灰尘样本，以调查 16 种多环芳烃（PAHs）的水平、空间分布、来源和致癌风险。在所检测到的 14 种多环芳烃（∑ PAHs）的总浓度范围为 3.72 至 60885ng g。在中国东北和西南地区发现了高浓度的∑ PAHs。高分子量（HMW）多环芳烃（4-6 环）是大多数灰尘样本中主要的多环芳烃，占∑ PAHs 的 93.6%。家庭燃料、烹饪频率、空调和吸烟是影响家庭灰尘中 PAH 浓度的主要因素。主成分分析模型表明，化石燃烧（81.5%）和生物质燃烧和车辆尾气（8.1%）是 PAHs 的主要来源。正矩阵因子分析模型表明，家庭烹饪和取暖贡献了∑ PAHs 的约 70%，吸烟贡献了另外的 30%。农村灰尘中苯并[a]芘当量的数值被发现高于城市灰尘。14 种多环芳烃的毒性等效物（TEQs）总和在 0.372-7241ng g 之间，其中 7 种高分子量多环芳烃占总 TEQs 的 98.0±1.98%。蒙特卡罗模拟显示家庭灰尘中 PAHs 的潜在致癌风险较低至中度。本研究提供了全国范围内家庭灰尘中人类多环芳烃暴露的综合信息。
