Center for Integrated Health Care Research (CIHR), Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i-Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2023 Jul;84(4):530-534. doi: 10.15288/jsad.22-00330. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies are well positioned to assess the impact of craving on cannabis use in real time and may better capture its time-varying nature. The goal of this exploratory study was to examine whether momentary craving and craving variability predict subsequent use of cannabis and how baseline concentrate use status and male sex might affect these relationships.
College students residing in a state with legal recreational cannabis use who used cannabis twice a week or more completed a baseline interview and signal-contingent EMA for 2 weeks using a smartphone application. Hierarchical (multi-level) regression was used to examine time-lagged associations between craving, craving variability, and subsequent cannabis use. Baseline concentrate use and male sex were examined as moderators.
Participants ( = 109) included 59% women, with an average age of 20.2 years, and most using cannabis near-daily or daily. A main effect for craving (within-level effect) on the likelihood of cannabis use at the next EMA instance was found (odds ratio = 1.292, < .001), although this effect was moderated by concentrate use status. For men, between-level increases in craving led to a greater likelihood of cannabis use at the next instance, but greater craving variability led to a lower likelihood of use. Greater variability in craving was associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use among those using concentrates.
The experience of craving may differ based on important participant characteristics. More research examining the fluctuating nature of craving and the role of cannabis potency on craving is warranted.
生态瞬时评估（EMA）研究非常适合实时评估渴望对大麻使用的影响，并且可能更好地捕捉其随时间变化的性质。本探索性研究的目的是检验即时渴望和渴望变异性是否预测随后的大麻使用，以及基线浓缩物使用状态和男性性别如何影响这些关系。
居住在合法娱乐性大麻使用州的大学生，每周使用大麻两次或更多次，使用智能手机应用程序完成基线访谈和信号条件 EMA 持续两周。分层（多水平）回归用于检验渴望、渴望变异性和随后大麻使用之间的滞后关联。基线浓缩物使用和男性性别被视为调节剂。
参与者（n=109）包括 59%的女性，平均年龄为 20.2 岁，大多数人每天或几乎每天使用大麻。在接下来的 EMA 实例中，渴望对大麻使用的可能性存在主要影响（个体内效应）（优势比=1.292，<.001），尽管这种影响受到浓缩物使用状态的调节。对于男性，在个体间水平上增加渴望会增加下一次使用大麻的可能性，但增加渴望变异性会降低使用的可能性。在使用浓缩物的人中，渴望的变异性越大，大麻使用的可能性就越大。
渴望的体验可能因重要的参与者特征而异。需要更多研究来检验渴望的波动性质以及大麻效力对渴望的作用。
