Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2021 Sep;40(6):900-913. doi: 10.1111/dar.13281. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
The Cannabis sativa L. plant contains hundreds of phytocannabinoids, but putatively of highest importance to public health risk is the psychoactive cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is associated with risk for cannabis use disorder, affective disturbance, cognitive harm and psychomotor impairment. Recently, there has been an increase in the use and availability of concentrated cannabis products (or 'concentrates') that are made by extracting cannabinoids from the plant to form a product with THC concentrations as high as 90-95%. These products are increasingly popular nationwide. The literature on these widely available high potency concentrates is limited and there are many unknowns about their potential harms.
This review covers the state of the research on cannabis concentrates and behavioural health-related outcomes and makes recommendations for advancing the science with studies focused on accurately testing the risks in relation to critical public and behavioural health questions.
Data point to unique behavioural health implications of concentrate use. However, causal, controlled and representative research on the effects of cannabis concentrates is currently limited.
Future research is needed to explore chronic, acute and developmental effects of concentrates, as well as effects on pulmonary function. We also highlight the need to explore these relationships in diverse populations.
While the literature hints at the potential for these highly potent products to increase cannabis-related behavioural health harms, it is important to carefully design studies that more comprehensively evaluate the impact of concentrates on THC exposure and short- and long-term effects across user groups.
大麻属植物含有数百种植物大麻素，但对公共健康风险最重要的潜在物质是具有致幻作用的大麻素四氢大麻酚（THC），它与大麻使用障碍、情感障碍、认知损害和精神运动障碍的风险有关。最近，使用和可获得浓缩大麻产品（或“浓缩物”）的情况有所增加，这些产品是通过从植物中提取大麻素制成的，其 THC 浓度高达 90-95%。这些产品在全国范围内越来越受欢迎。关于这些广泛可用的高浓度浓缩物的文献有限，对于它们的潜在危害存在许多未知。
本综述涵盖了关于大麻浓缩物和与行为健康相关结果的研究现状，并就如何推进科学研究提出了建议，重点是针对与关键公共和行为健康问题相关的风险进行准确测试。
数据表明浓缩物使用具有独特的行为健康影响。然而，目前关于大麻浓缩物影响的因果、对照和代表性研究有限。
需要未来的研究来探索浓缩物对慢性、急性和发育影响，以及对肺功能的影响。我们还强调需要在不同人群中探索这些关系。
虽然文献暗示这些高浓度产品可能会增加与大麻相关的行为健康危害，但重要的是要精心设计研究，更全面地评估浓缩物对 THC 暴露以及短期和长期影响在用户群体中的影响。
