Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa Street 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
BMC Genomics. 2023 Apr 4;24(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09252-1.
The flowering biology of wheat plants favours self-pollination which causes obstacles in wheat hybrid breeding. Wheat flowers can be divided into two groups, the first one is characterized by flowering and pollination within closed flowers (cleistogamy), while the second one possesses the ability to open flowers during processes mentioned above (chasmogamy). The swelling of lodicules is involved in the flowering of cereals and among others their morphology, calcium and potassium content differentiate between cleistogamic and non-cleistogamous flowers. A better understanding of the chasmogamy mechanism can lead to the development of tools for selection of plants with the desired outcrossing rate. To learn more, the sequencing of transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) and Representational Difference Analysis products (RDA-Seq) were performed to investigate the global transcriptomes of wheat lodicules in two highly chasmogamous (HCH, Piko and Poezja) and two low chasmogamous (LCH, Euforia and KWS Dacanto) varieties at two developmental stages-pre-flowering and early flowering.
The differentially expressed genes were enriched in five, main pathways: "metabolism", "organismal systems", "genetic information processing", "cellular processes" and "environmental information processing", respectively. Important genes with opposite patterns of regulation between the HCH and LCH lines have been associated with the lodicule development i.e. expression levels of MADS16 and MADS58 genes may be responsible for quantitative differences in chasmogamy level in wheat.
We conclude that the results provide a new insight into lodicules involvement in the wheat flowering process. This study generated important genomic information to support the exploitation of the chasmogamy in wheat hybrid breeding programs.
小麦植物的开花生物学有利于自花授粉，这给小麦杂交育种带来了障碍。小麦花可以分为两组，第一组的特点是在封闭的花内开花和授粉（闭花授粉），而第二组则具有在上述过程中开花的能力（开花授粉）。内稃的肿胀参与了谷类植物的开花，其中包括它们的形态、钙和钾含量在闭花授粉和非闭花授粉花朵之间存在差异。更好地了解开花授粉机制可以导致开发出用于选择具有所需异交率的植物的工具。为了了解更多信息，进行了转录组（RNA-Seq）和代表性差异分析产物（RDA-Seq）的测序，以研究两个高度开花授粉（HCH，Piko 和 Poezja）和两个低开花授粉（LCH，Euforia 和 KWS Dacanto）品种在两个发育阶段-开花前和早期开花时的小麦内稃的全局转录组。
差异表达基因富集在五个主要途径中：“代谢”、“生物体系统”、“遗传信息处理”、“细胞过程”和“环境信息处理”。HCH 和 LCH 系之间调控模式相反的重要基因与内稃发育有关，即 MADS16 和 MADS58 基因的表达水平可能负责小麦开花授粉水平的定量差异。
我们得出结论，结果为内稃参与小麦开花过程提供了新的见解。本研究提供了重要的基因组信息，支持在小麦杂交育种计划中利用开花授粉。
