State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Mar;36(10):e2301810. doi: 10.1002/adma.202301810. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
Metabolism is the sum of the enzyme-dependent chemical reactions, which produces energy in catabolic process and synthesizes biomass in anabolic process, exhibiting high similarity in mammalian cell, microbial cell, and plant cell. Consequently, the loss or gain of metabolic enzyme activity greatly affects cellular metabolism. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics with diverse functions and adjustable catalytic activities, have shown attractive potential for metabolic regulation. Although the basic metabolic tasks are highly similar for the cells from different species, the concrete metabolic pathway varies with the intracellular structure of different species. Here, the basic metabolism in living organisms is described and the similarities and differences in the metabolic pathways among mammalian, microbial, and plant cells and the regulation mechanism are discussed. The recent progress on regulation of cellular metabolism mainly including nutrient uptake and utilization, energy production, and the accompanied redox reactions by different kinds of oxidoreductases and their applications in the field of disease therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and sustainable agriculture is systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of nanozymes in regulating cell metabolism are also discussed, which broaden their application scenarios.
代谢是依赖于酶的化学反应的总和，它在分解代谢过程中产生能量，在合成代谢过程中合成生物量，在哺乳动物细胞、微生物细胞和植物细胞中表现出高度的相似性。因此，代谢酶活性的丧失或获得会极大地影响细胞代谢。纳米酶作为具有多种功能和可调催化活性的新兴酶模拟物，在代谢调控方面显示出了诱人的潜力。尽管不同物种的细胞具有高度相似的基本代谢任务，但具体的代谢途径因不同物种的细胞内结构而异。本文描述了生物体内的基本代谢，并讨论了哺乳动物、微生物和植物细胞之间代谢途径的异同及其调节机制。综述了不同种类的氧化还原酶对细胞代谢的调控，包括营养物质的摄取和利用、能量的产生以及伴随的氧化还原反应，及其在疾病治疗、抗菌治疗和可持续农业领域的应用。此外，还讨论了纳米酶在调节细胞代谢方面的前景和挑战，拓宽了它们的应用场景。
