Guzmán-Castellanos Karen Berenice, Neri Susana Santiago, García Itziar Zazpe, Hernández-Hernández Aitor, Valdés-Mas Mariano, Bes-Rastrollo Maira, Martinez-González Miguel Ángel
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Apr 9;64(4):149. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03657-2.
Our study aimed to investigate and compare the association between adherence to a priori Planetary Health Diet Index and two well-known Mediterranean indices, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Mediterranean Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and micronutrient intake adequacy.
We assessed 18,259 Spanish university graduates at baseline who participated in the SUN cohort using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Inadequate intake of Zn, I, Se, Fe, Ca, P, Mg, Cr, K, vitamins B, B, B, B, B, C, A, D, E, and folic acid was evaluated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point approach and the probabilistic approach. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the probability of failing to meet EAR for either ≥ 3 or ≥ 6 micronutrients.
Participants with higher adherence to the Planetary Health Diet had a lower risk of overall inadequacy, while the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) showed even greater nutritional adequacy. The adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) for failing to meet ≥ 3 EAR was 0·24 (95% CI 0·21 - 0·27) for the Planetary Health Diet Index, whereas it was substantially lower for MEDAS with OR = 0·12, 95% CI 0·11 - 0·13, and for MDS with OR = 0·09, 95% CI 0·08 - 0·10, always for the comparison of the fourth v. first quartile and using the probabilistic approach method.
In this Mediterranean cohort, better adherence to both the Planetary Health Diet and the MedDiet (with a stronger inverse association) showed lower risk of micronutrient inadequacy.
我们的研究旨在调查并比较遵循先验的行星健康饮食指数与两个著名的地中海饮食指数（地中海饮食评分（MDS）和地中海饮食依从性筛查工具（MEDAS））之间的关联，以及微量营养素摄入充足情况。
我们使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷，对参加SUN队列研究的18259名西班牙大学毕业生基线数据进行了评估。采用估计平均需求量（EAR）切点法和概率法评估锌、碘、硒、铁、钙、磷、镁、铬、钾、维生素B、B、B、B、B、C、A、D、E和叶酸的摄入不足情况。进行逻辑回归分析，以估计至少3种或至少6种微量营养素未达到EAR的概率。
较高遵循行星健康饮食的参与者总体摄入不足风险较低，而地中海饮食（MedDiet）显示出更高的营养充足性。对于行星健康饮食指数，未达到≥3个EAR的调整后比值比（OR）为0.24（95%置信区间0.21 - 0.27），而对于MEDAS，OR = 0.12，95%置信区间0.11 - 0.13，对于MDS，OR = 0.09，95%置信区间0.08 - 0.10，始终是比较第四分位数与第一分位数，并使用概率法。
在这个地中海队列中，更好地遵循行星健康饮食和MedDiet（具有更强的负相关）显示出微量营养素不足风险较低。
