Ali Javeria, Haider Syed Muhammad Safi, Ali Syed Mushhood, Haider Taimur, Anwar Adnan, Hashmi Atif A
Internal Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Cureus. 2023 Mar 4;15(3):e35771. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35771. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Introduction Since patients with type 2 diabetes are frequently misdiagnosed, provided inappropriate management, or poorly controlled, it is important to comprehend the wide range of clinical signs and symptoms associated with diabetes. Therefore, this study evaluated the overall clinical manifestations of patients with type 2 diabetes patients with respect to gender. Methods This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that was conducted at various hospitals, using a non-probability sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months, from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The study included 590 type 2 diabetes patients, ranging in age from 35 to 70 years. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, health status, co-morbidities, and diabetes symptoms were documented. A chi-square was applied to determine the association between overall symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes and gender. An independent t-test was applied to determine the significance level between means of demographic parameters. Results The study findings showed that out of 590 patients with diabetes, 310 (52.5%) were males and 280 (47.5%) were females. The male and female mean ages were 57.46±14.93 and 50.38±14.85 years, respectively, with a statistically significant gender difference (p<0.001). The prevalence of renal manifestation in type 2 patients with diabetes revealed a significant relationship (p<0.05) for both genders. The prevalence of ocular manifestations revealed a significant relationship with both genders (p<0.05) in terms of distortion and blurred vision. The prevalence of ocular manifestations revealed a significant relationship observed with both genders (p<0.05) in terms of shortness of breath, dyspnea severity, and severity of chest pain. Conclusion This study concluded that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a significantly higher frequency of muscular pain, urinary symptoms, neurological symptoms, and dermatological manifestations than men. In contrast, respiratory symptoms were significantly more pronounced in males than in females. The presence of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia significantly increased the probability of developing type 2 diabetes in both genders.
引言 由于2型糖尿病患者经常被误诊、接受不恰当的治疗或控制不佳，了解与糖尿病相关的广泛临床体征和症状非常重要。因此，本研究评估了2型糖尿病患者按性别划分的总体临床表现。
方法 这是一项在多家医院开展的多中心横断面研究，采用非概率抽样技术。研究持续时间约为6个月，从2022年1月1日至2022年6月30日。研究纳入了590例年龄在35至70岁之间的2型糖尿病患者。记录了年龄、性别、社会经济状况、健康状况、合并症和糖尿病症状。应用卡方检验确定2型糖尿病相关总体症状与性别的关联。应用独立t检验确定人口统计学参数均值之间的显著性水平。
结果 研究结果显示，在590例糖尿病患者中，310例（52.5%）为男性，280例（47.5%）为女性。男性和女性的平均年龄分别为57.46±14.93岁和50.38±14.85岁，性别差异具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。2型糖尿病患者肾脏表现的患病率在两性中均显示出显著关系（p<0.05）。眼部表现的患病率在视力扭曲和视力模糊方面在两性中均显示出显著关系（p<0.05）。眼部表现在呼吸急促、呼吸困难严重程度和胸痛严重程度方面在两性中均显示出显著关系（p<0.05）。
结论 本研究得出结论，2型糖尿病女性患者的肌肉疼痛、泌尿系统症状、神经症状和皮肤表现的发生率显著高于男性。相比之下，男性的呼吸道症状比女性更明显。血脂异常等合并症的存在显著增加了两性患2型糖尿病的概率。
