Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1343-1381. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. As the population ages, the increasing prevalence of AD threatens massive healthcare costs in the coming decades. Unfortunately, traditional drug development efforts for AD have proven largely unsuccessful. A geroscience approach to AD suggests that since aging is the main driver of AD, targeting aging itself may be an effective way to prevent or treat AD. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions on AD pathology and cognition in the widely utilized triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) which develops both β-amyloid and tau pathologies characteristic of human AD, as well as cognitive deficits. We discuss the beneficial impacts of calorie restriction (CR), the gold standard for geroprotective interventions, and the effects of other dietary interventions including protein restriction. We also discuss the promising preclinical results of geroprotective pharmaceuticals, including rapamycin and medications for type 2 diabetes. Though these interventions and treatments have beneficial effects in the 3xTg-AD model, there is no guarantee that they will be as effective in humans, and we discuss the need to examine these interventions in additional animal models as well as the urgent need to test if some of these approaches can be translated from the lab to the bedside for the treatment of humans with AD.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。随着人口老龄化,AD 的患病率不断上升,在未来几十年将威胁到大量的医疗保健成本。不幸的是,传统的 AD 药物研发努力在很大程度上都失败了。针对 AD 的衰老科学方法表明,由于衰老是 AD 的主要驱动因素,因此针对衰老本身可能是预防或治疗 AD 的有效方法。在这里,我们讨论了在广泛使用的三转基因 AD 小鼠模型(3xTg-AD)中,衰老保护干预对 AD 病理和认知的有效性,该模型可发展出β-淀粉样蛋白和 tau 病理,这些病理与人 AD 的特征一致,以及认知缺陷。我们讨论了热量限制(CR)的有益影响,这是衰老保护干预的黄金标准,以及其他饮食干预措施的效果,包括蛋白质限制。我们还讨论了衰老保护药物的有前途的临床前结果,包括雷帕霉素和 2 型糖尿病药物。尽管这些干预措施和治疗方法在 3xTg-AD 模型中具有有益的效果,但不能保证它们在人类中同样有效,我们讨论了需要在其他动物模型中检查这些干预措施的必要性,以及迫切需要测试其中一些方法是否可以从实验室转化为床边,以治疗患有 AD 的人类。