Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Open Vet J. 2023 Mar;13(3):307-321. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i3.7. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Hypophysis cerebri is considered the master endocrine gland as it plays a critical role in influencing and controlling the vitality of other endocrine organs via several hormones secretion.
The present study was performed to clarify the localization of Wulzen's cone (WC) within sheep hypophysis and cytodifferentiation of the glandular cells filling cone parenchyma with particular emphasis on the cone correlations with adjacent pars distalis (pd), pars intermedia (pi), and pars nervosa (pn).
Pituitaries were collected and processed histologically, then subjected to different combinations of special stains; Br-AB- OFG., PFA-AB-PAS-OG., PAS-Orange G., Orange G- Acid Fuchsin- Light Green, Bielschowsky technique, Masson's trichrome & Gomori's reticulin.
A sagittal section through the pituitaries revealed a well-developed cone of glandular cells protruding from the pi like a tongue plate towards the hypophyseal cleft in the neighborhood of the pd and behind the pn. Resembling the pd, various glandular cells were distinguished in the cone; chromophobes and chromophils of acidophils & basophils. The cone is mainly formed from acidophils intermingled with the chromophobes. Meanwhile, basophils were primarily localized at the most anterior & posterior parts of the cone. In front of the cone, pd were localized, resembling a wing-shaped and filled with several categorized glandular cells; chromophobes and chromophils. Upper to the cone, pi were localized and composed mainly of weakly basophilic cuboidal or polygonal cells arranged in parallel cords or follicles. Behind the cone, pn was localized as a ventral outpouching of the brain floor-like water drop. Unlike the cone, it was devoid of any glandular secretory cells or nerve cells but consisted mainly of unmyelinated nerve fibers, herring bodies, and pituicytes.
WC is present and well-developed in sheep adenohypophysis. Various glandular cells were distinguished, filling the cone, chromophobes, and chromophils of acidophils & basophils that were typically similar to the glandular cells of pd but with different distributions.
脑垂体被认为是主内分泌腺，因为它通过分泌几种激素对其他内分泌器官的活力发挥着关键的影响和控制作用。
本研究旨在阐明绵羊脑垂体中 Wulzen 圆锥（WC）的定位以及填充圆锥实质的腺细胞的细胞分化，并特别强调圆锥与相邻的远侧部（pd）、中间部（pi）和神经部（pn）的相关性。
采集垂体并进行组织学处理，然后进行不同的特殊染色组合；Br-AB-OFG、PFA-AB-PAS-OG、PAS-Orange G、Orange G-酸性品红-亮绿、Bielschowsky 技术、Masson 三色和 Gomori 网状纤维。
通过垂体矢状面显示，一个从 pi 中突出的发达的腺细胞圆锥体，像舌板一样伸向靠近 pd 的垂体裂隙，并位于 pn 的后面。与 pd 相似，在圆锥体中可以区分出各种腺细胞；嗜酸性细胞的嫌色细胞和嗜碱性细胞。圆锥体主要由嗜酸性细胞与嫌色细胞混合而成。同时，嗜碱性细胞主要位于圆锥体的最前和最后部分。在圆锥体的前面，定位着 pd，形似翅膀状并充满了几类有分泌功能的腺细胞；嫌色细胞和嗜碱性细胞。在圆锥体的上面，定位着 pi，主要由弱嗜碱性的立方或多边形细胞组成，呈平行条索或滤泡排列。在圆锥体的后面，定位着 pn，是脑底的一个腹侧外凸，形状类似水滴。与圆锥体不同，它没有任何有分泌功能的腺细胞或神经细胞，而是主要由无髓神经纤维、赫令体和垂体细胞组成。
WC 存在于绵羊腺垂体中，并且发育良好。填充圆锥体的各种腺细胞可以区分出来，包括嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞的嫌色细胞和嗜碱性细胞，它们通常与 pd 的腺细胞相似，但分布不同。
