Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Eur Urol Focus. 2023 Jul;9(4):575-578. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.017. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Bladder cancer at an individual level is likely to be the consequence of repeated, long-term exposure to one or more known bladder carcinogens, some of which are endemic or unavoidable in daily life, in addition to host factors. This Mini-Review highlights exposures that are associated with higher risk of bladder cancer, summarizes the evidence for each association, and suggests strategies to decrease risk at both individual and population levels. PATIENT SUMMARY: Tobacco smoking, exposure to certain chemicals in your diet, environment, or workplace, urinary infections, and certain medications can increase your risk of bladder cancer.
膀胱癌在个体层面上可能是由于反复、长期暴露于一种或多种已知的膀胱癌致癌物引起的，其中一些在日常生活中是地方性的或不可避免的，此外还有宿主因素。本综述重点介绍了与膀胱癌风险增加相关的暴露因素，总结了每种关联的证据，并提出了在个体和人群层面降低风险的策略。患者总结：吸烟、饮食、环境或工作场所中某些化学物质的暴露、尿路感染和某些药物会增加膀胱癌的风险。
