Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
Plant Cell Rep. 2023 May;42(5):843-857. doi: 10.1007/s00299-023-03003-y. Epub 2023 Apr 8.
A current trend in climate comprises adverse weather anomalies with more frequent and intense temperature events. Heatwaves are a serious threat to global food security because of the susceptibility of crop plants to high temperatures. Among various developmental stages of plants, even a slight rise in temperature during reproductive development proves detrimental, thus making sexual reproduction heat vulnerable. In this context, male gametophyte or pollen development stages are the most sensitive ones. High-temperature exposure induces pollen abortion, reducing pollen viability and germination rate with a concomitant effect on seed yield. This review summarizes the ultrastructural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes underpinning high temperature-induced aberrations in male gametophytes. Specifically, we highlight the temperature sensing cascade operating in pollen, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock factors (HSFs), a hormones and transcriptional regulatory network. We also emphasize integrating various omics approaches to decipher the molecular events triggered by heat stress in pollen. The knowledge of genes, proteins, and metabolites conferring thermotolerance in reproductive tissues can be utilized to breed/engineer thermotolerant crops to ensure food security.
目前气候的一个趋势是出现更多频繁和剧烈的温度事件等不利天气异常。由于作物植物对高温的敏感性，热浪是全球粮食安全的严重威胁。在植物的各个发育阶段中，即使在生殖发育过程中温度略有升高，也会对植物造成伤害，从而使有性繁殖对高温敏感。在这种情况下，雄性配子体或花粉发育阶段最为敏感。高温暴露会导致花粉败育，降低花粉活力和萌发率，从而对种子产量产生影响。本文综述了高温诱导雄性配子体畸形的超微结构、形态、生化和分子变化。具体而言，我们强调了在花粉中起作用的温度感应级联反应，包括活性氧（ROS）、热休克因子（HSFs）、激素和转录调控网络。我们还强调了整合各种组学方法来解析花粉中热胁迫引发的分子事件。在生殖组织中赋予耐热性的基因、蛋白质和代谢物的知识可用于培育/工程耐热作物，以确保粮食安全。
